Myeloid sarcoma is a type of cancer that develops from a group of blood-forming cells called myeloid blasts. These cells normally grow and mature in the bone marrow, which is the spongy tissue inside our bones. In myeloid sarcoma, abnormal myeloid blasts form a mass or tumour outside the bone marrow. This tumour can grow …
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The gastroesophageal junction is the area where the esophagus meets the stomach. The esophagus is a tube that carries food and liquids from your mouth to your stomach, while the stomach is a muscular organ that begins digesting food. The gastroesophageal junction is a barrier to prevent stomach acid and other contents from flowing back …
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Invasive breast carcinoma (not otherwise specified) is the most common type of breast cancer. It starts in the cells lining the ducts of the breast and invades surrounding breast tissue. This type of cancer is often referred to as invasive ductal carcinoma. It is the most common form of breast cancer. The diagnosis of invasive …
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Struma ovarii is a type of teratoma, a noncancerous tumour in the ovary. The term teratoma is used to describe a tumour made up of germ cells – specialized cells in the ovary that have the potential to form many different types of tissue. While most teratomas contain a mixture of tissues, such as hair, …
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The term suspicious for malignancy is used in pathology reports to describe a finding that has features of cancer but lacks enough definitive evidence to confirm the diagnosis. This term indicates that while cancer is strongly suspected, further evaluation or testing is needed to make a final determination. When do pathologists use the term suspicious …
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DOG1 (Discovered on GIST-1) is a protein found on the surface of certain cells. It is commonly used in pathology to identify specific types of tumours. DOG1 was first identified in gastrointestinal stromal tumours (GISTs), but it can also be found in other normal tissues and tumours. What is the function of DOG1? Although DOG1’s …
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Liposarcoma is a type of cancer that develops from fat cells. It is classified as a soft tissue sarcoma, which means it arises in the connective tissues of the body. Liposarcomas are most commonly found in areas where fat is normally present, such as the abdomen or limbs. While liposarcoma is rare, it is one …
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The Arias-Stella reaction is a noncancerous change typically seen in the tissue lining the uterus (the endometrium) or the fallopian tube. It occurs in response to pregnancy or certain hormone medications. The cells become larger and sometimes appear unusual when examined under a microscope. The reaction is named after the pathologist who first described it. …
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STAT6 (Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription 6) is a protein found in cells. It plays a key role in transmitting signals from outside a cell to its nucleus, where genetic material is stored. This signaling helps regulate how cells grow, divide, and respond to their environment. STAT6 is especially important in controlling immune system …
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SATB2 (Special AT-rich Sequence-Binding Protein 2) is a protein that plays an important role in controlling how specific genes are turned on and off. This protein helps cells grow and function normally by organizing the genetic information inside them. SATB2 is like a “manager”, ensuring specific genes work as needed. What types of normal cells …
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