ALK-negative anaplastic large cell lymphoma (ALCL) is a type of cancer that starts in T cells, which are specialized white blood cells that help the body fight infections. Because it begins in immune system cells, it is classified as a non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL). This disease can start in many different parts of the body. Common …
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In pathology, cells are described as plasmacytoid if they are round and if the nucleus (the part of the cell that holds the genetic material) is located to the side of the side. Pathologists often describe the location of the nucleus as eccentric or peripheral. These cells are described as plasmacytoid because they look like …
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In pathology, cells are described as epithelioid if they are round, have lots of cytoplasm (the material found inside the body of the cell), and have a round to oval-shaped nucleus (the part of the cell that holds the genetic material). They are called epithelioid because they look like epithelial cells – specialized cells found …
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Focal active colitis is a pattern of inflammation in the colon that a pathologist describes after examining tissue under a microscope. The word focal means the inflammation is limited to small, scattered areas rather than affecting the colon lining broadly. The word active means the inflammation is recent or currently happening, driven by immune cells …
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Vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia (VIN) is a general term for noncancerous but abnormal changes in the squamous cells that cover the surface of the vulva. The word “intraepithelial” means that the abnormal cells are confined to the top layer of the vulvar skin (the epidermis) and have not grown into the deeper tissue. VIN is not …
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Low grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (LSIL) in the anal canal and anus is an abnormal growth caused by infection with human papillomavirus (HPV). The abnormal growth seen in LSIL is an example of dysplasia. Although the overall risk is low, LSIL is considered a precancerous condition because it can turn into a type of anal cancer …
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Anal intraepithelial neoplasia (AIN) is a precancerous condition that affects the cells lining the anus and anal canal. In this condition, the surface cells show abnormal changes, but they have not spread into deeper tissues, which means it is not cancer. However, some cases can progress over time to squamous cell carcinoma of the anus. …
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E-cadherin (also called cadherin-1) is a protein found on the surface of most epithelial cells. Epithelial cells are the cells that line many surfaces in the body, including the skin, glands, and the inside of organs such as the breast, stomach, and colon. E-cadherin helps these cells stick together and maintain their structure and organization. …
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Invasive mammary carcinoma is a general term used to describe a cancer that has grown into the breast tissue but has not yet been sorted into a more specific type of breast cancer. It is often a starting point: after further examination and testing, most invasive mammary carcinomas are reclassified as invasive ductal carcinoma (also …
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Acute cholecystitis refers to the sudden and active inflammation of the gallbladder. The gallbladder is a small, pear-shaped organ located just beneath the liver in the upper right side of the abdomen. Inflammation happens when the gallbladder wall becomes swollen and irritated, usually because something is blocking the normal flow of bile. What is the …
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