Erosive esophagitis is a condition where the inner lining of the esophagus (the tube that carries food from your mouth to your stomach) becomes damaged and inflamed. This damage causes the cells that normally cover the inside of the esophagus to break down or slough off, creating open areas called erosions. What causes erosive esophagitis? …
Read More »
Candida esophagitis is a fungal infection of the esophagus, the tube that carries food and liquids from your mouth to your stomach. This condition causes inflammation and damage to the lining of the esophagus. It is also known as esophageal candidiasis or simply esophageal thrush. Candida is a type of fungus that normally lives on …
Read More »
Herpes esophagitis is an infection of the esophagus (the tube connecting your mouth to your stomach) caused by the herpes simplex virus (HSV). The infection causes inflammation and damages the lining of the esophagus, making it difficult and painful to swallow. What causes herpes esophagitis? Herpes esophagitis happens when the herpes simplex virus infects the …
Read More »
CMV esophagitis is a condition in which the esophagus becomes infected by a virus called cytomegalovirus (CMV). This infection causes inflammation and damage to the tissue lining the esophagus, leading to pain and difficulty swallowing. CMV is a member of the herpesvirus family. It is a common virus that many people carry in their body …
Read More »
A malignant spindle cell neoplasm is a type of cancer made up of spindle-shaped cells. Under the microscope, these cells look long and narrow, similar to the shape of a spindle (a pointed rod used for spinning thread). This diagnosis describes how the cells look under the microscope but does not identify the exact type …
Read More »
ALK-positive anaplastic large cell lymphoma (ALCL) is a type of cancer that starts in T cells, which are specialized white blood cells that normally help the body fight infections. Because it develops from immune cells, it is classified as a non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL). This disease most often involves lymph nodes, but it can also appear …
Read More »
Goblet cell adenocarcinoma is a type of cancer that starts in the appendix. It arises from cells normally found on the inside surface of the appendix. Low grade goblet cell adenocarcinoma used to be called goblet cell carcinoid. What are the symptoms of goblet cell adenocarcinoma? Most patients with goblet cell adenocarcinoma present with symptoms …
Read More »
NRAS is a gene that provides instructions for making a protein involved in cell signaling, specifically in controlling cell growth and division. Like other genes in the RAS family, NRAS plays a role in regulating normal cell function. However, when mutations occur in the NRAS gene, the protein it encodes can become overactive, leading to …
Read More »
BRAF is a gene that gives instructions to make the BRAF protein, an enzyme that helps control how cells grow and divide. The BRAF protein is part of a signaling system in the cell known as the MAPK/ERK pathway, which normally functions as a switch to instruct cells when to grow and when to stop. In …
Read More »
What does inactive endometrium mean? Inactive endometrium is a term pathologists use to describe the appearance of endometrial tissue (the tissue found on the inside of the uterus) that is not under the influence of normal (physiological) levels of estrogen and progesterone or is altered due to exogenous factors. Is inactive endometrium normal? Inactive endometrium …
Read More »
