An addendum is an additional note or update that is added to a pathology report after the original report has been issued. It allows the pathologist to provide new information or to clarify the findings already described. The addendum becomes a permanent part of your pathology report and should always be read together with the …
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What is Kaposi sarcoma? Kaposi Sarcoma (KS) is a type of cancer made up of abnormal blood vessels. It is part of a group of cancers called sarcomas. Most of these tumours start in the skin and it is not uncommon for a person to have more than one tumour. Kaposi sarcoma can also develop inside …
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A mitotic figure is a cell that is actively dividing to create two new cells. Cells divide through a process called mitosis, creating two new cells from one original cell. Before dividing, a cell copies its genetic material (DNA), ensuring that each new cell receives identical instructions. Pathologists recognize mitotic figures by their unique appearance, …
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What is a pyogenic granuloma? A pyogenic granuloma is a common non-cancerous type of tumour made up of blood vessels and inflammatory cells. The tumour is usually round, and the surface may appear bright red. Pyogenic granuloma often appear suddenly and the tumour may grow very quickly at first only to decrease in size gradually …
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What is a lobular capillary hemangioma? A lobular capillary hemangioma is a common non-cancerous type of tumour made up of blood vessels and inflammatory cells. The tumour is usually round, and the surface may appear bright red. Lobular capillary hemangioma often appear suddenly and the tumour may grow very quickly at first only to decrease …
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Neuroendocrine cells are specialized cells found throughout the body that share features of both nerve cells (neurons) and hormone-producing cells (endocrine cells). These cells help regulate important body functions by releasing hormones in response to signals from the nervous system. Neuroendocrine cells are found in many different organs, including the lungs, gastrointestinal tract, pancreas, and …
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The TNM staging system is an internationally recognized way to describe how far cancer has developed and spread. It was created by the American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC). This system uses detailed information about three key factors: Tumour (T): The size of the primary tumour and how far it has grown into surrounding tissue. …
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Osteochondroma is the most common non-cancerous type of bone tumour. The name is made up of three parts that come from Greek words – “osteo-“meaning bone, “chondro-” meaning cartilage, and “-oma” which describes an abnormal growth. As the name suggests, the tumour is made up of both bone and cartilage. Most osteochondromas develop in a …
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In pathology, the term diffuse describes a change that is seen throughout the tissue sample examined. Diffuse changes can be seen when the tissue is examined by eye (this is called the gross examination) or under the microscope. The opposite of diffuse is focal.
In pathology, the term “focal” refers to something that is localized or limited to a specific area or spot, rather than being diffusely spread out or affecting a large area of tissue. When used to describe disease processes, abnormalities, or lesions, “focal” indicates that the changes or effects are confined to one or relatively small, …
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