CD20 is a protein found on the surface of B cells — a type of white blood cell that helps the body fight infections by producing antibodies (proteins the immune system uses to recognize and attack germs). CD20 appears on B cells as they mature in the bone marrow and remains on the cell’s surface …
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Eosinophils are a type of white blood cell (WBC) and a part of the body’s innate immune system. They help protect the body against allergens and infections. When examined under the microscope, eosinophils are small cells with bright pink cytoplasm. The cytoplasm of the cell is filled with small round granules and the nucleus has …
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Neutrophils are a type of white blood cell and an important part of the body’s innate immune system, which is the body’s first line of defense against infection and injury. They are the most common type of white blood cell, making up between 50% and 80% of all white blood cells in the bloodstream. Neutrophils …
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In pathology, endophytic describes a growth that extends downward from the surface of a tissue into the organ or tissue below, rather than outward. Pathologists sometimes use the word inverted to mean the same thing. The opposite of endophytic is exophytic, which describes a growth that projects outward from the surface. Endophytic describes the shape …
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Low grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (LSIL) is an abnormal growth caused by infection with human papillomavirus (HPV). The abnormal growth seen in LSIL is an example of dysplasia. It commonly involves the cervix, vagina, vulva, penis, or anal canal. This condition may affect both women and men. The virus infects squamous cells found on the …
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A leiomyoma is a noncancerous tumor made of smooth muscle cells. Smooth muscle works without conscious control and is found in blood vessels, hair follicles, the digestive tract, and the uterus. Leiomyomas grow slowly and do not spread to other parts of the body. They differ from leiomyosarcoma, a cancer made of smooth muscle cells. …
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Edema is a buildup of clear, watery fluid inside a tissue. It happens when fluid from the blood leaks out of small blood vessels and collects in the tissue around them. When a tissue contains this extra fluid, pathologists may describe it as edematous. Edema is a description of something the pathologist saw, not a …
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Uterine leiomyosarcoma is a cancer that starts in the smooth muscle cells of the uterus. These cells make up the uterus’s muscular wall, called the myometrium, and they are the same cells that form a leiomyoma, or fibroid. A sarcoma is a cancer arising from muscle or connective tissue rather than from the lining cells …
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The transformation zone is a normal part of the cervix, the lower end of the uterus that opens into the vagina. Two different types of cells cover the cervix: Squamous cells, which cover the outer surface of the cervix (the ectocervix) Glandular cells, which line the cervical canal leading into the uterus (the endocervix) The …
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S100 is the name of a family of proteins found inside certain types of cells in the body. These proteins help cells respond to changes in their environment by regulating processes like growth, movement, and communication. The name “S100” comes from the fact that the proteins are soluble in a solution made with 100% saturated …
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