Dyskeratotic cells are squamous cells that have undergone premature or abnormal keratinization, a process by which cells produce and accumulate a protein called keratin. Under microscopic examination, these cells are smaller and pinker than normal squamous cells. Dyskeratotic cells can be seen in a variety of precancerous, cancerous, infectious, and inflammatory conditions. What conditions are …
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A pathologist is a specialist medical doctor who examines tissues, cells, organs, and bodily fluids to diagnose diseases, determine the nature of illnesses, and provide information that is crucial for treatment decisions. Types of pathologists include anatomical pathologists, hematopathologists, neuropathologists, cytopathologists, and forensic pathologists. Pathologists often work in hospitals, laboratories, or academic institutions. Their findings …
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Fibroblasts are a type of cell normally found in connective tissue. They play an important role in maintaining the structural framework of tissues and organs in the body. They are one the most common types of cells found in connective tissue and are primarily involved in producing and secreting the extracellular matrix, which provides structural …
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Glandular cells are specialized epithelial cells that form the functional units of most internal organs. They are involved in the production and secretion of substances that aid in the normal activity of the organ. These substances may include enzymes, hormones, mucus, or other products that are released into ducts, surfaces, or the bloodstream for various …
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Endosalpingiosis is a condition where tissue similar to that normally found in the fallopian tube is found outside of the fallopian tube. This tissue may be found in various pelvic organs and structures, such as the ovaries, peritoneum (lining of the abdominal cavity), and other pelvic tissues. It can also be found in small immune …
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B-lymphoblastic leukemia, also called B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL), is a type of blood cancer that starts in the bone marrow (the soft inner part of bones where blood cells are made). In this disease, the bone marrow produces large numbers of immature white blood cells called lymphoblasts. These lymphoblasts come from a type of …
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A fibrovascular core is a small microscopic structure made up of fibrous tissue (connective tissue) and blood vessels. These cores are found inside finger-like projections called papillae. Papillae are common features in many types of growths, including both benign (noncancerous) and malignant (cancerous) ones. For example, fibrovascular cores can be seen in benign papillomas, as …
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Psammoma bodies are tiny, rounded structures often found within certain types of tumours. Under a microscope, they appear as small, layered (concentric) deposits made up of calcium and proteins, resembling the layers of an onion. The name “psammoma” comes from the Greek word “psammos”, meaning “sand,” because of their sand-like appearance under the microscope, and …
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An intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm (IPMN) is a type of non-invasive pancreatic tumor. It starts from the cells that line the ducts, which are small channels that carry digestive fluids from the pancreas into the intestines. These cells produce a thick, sticky substance called mucin. IPMNs are considered precancerous because, over time, they can develop …
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Basal cell adenocarcinoma is a rare type of cancer that starts in the salivary glands, which are responsible for producing saliva in the mouth and throat. It is called “basal cell” because the tumour is made up of cells that resemble the basal cells normally found in salivary gland tissue. Basal cell adenocarcinoma is usually …
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