SOX10 is a protein that plays an important role in the development of specific cell types in the body, particularly those involved in the nervous system and pigment-producing cells. Pathologists use tests to detect SOX10 in tissue samples, as it is commonly expressed in specific tumours. This helps diagnose and differentiate between various types of tumours.
SOX10 is normally expressed in cells of the nervous system, particularly Schwann cells, which wrap around and protect nerve fibres. It is also found in melanocytes, which produce pigment in the skin. SOX10 can also be expressed in myoepithelial cells found in the breast, salivary glands, and other tissues.
SOX10 is expressed in various tumours that arise from Schwann cells, melanocytes, and myoepithelial cells. These tumours can be benign (non-cancerous) or malignant (cancerous).
Benign (non-cancerous) tumours that express SOX10:
Malignant (cancerous) tumours that express SOX10:
Pathologists use a test called immunohistochemistry (IHC) to look for SOX10 in tissue samples. In this test, a small piece of tissue is treated with special antibodies that bind to the SOX10 protein. If the tissue contains SOX10, the antibodies will cause the cells to change colour, which the pathologist can see under a microscope. A positive result means that the cells are expressing SOX10, while a negative result means they are not. This test helps pathologists identify specific types of tumours, particularly those involving nerves, melanocytes, and myoepithelial cells.
Pathologists perform this test when they need to confirm the presence of specific cell types, such as Schwann cells or melanocytes, in a tumour. It is especially useful in diagnosing melanoma, schwannoma, or myoepithelial tumours. SOX10 testing is often performed when the diagnosis is unclear, and other tests are inconclusive.
Doctors wrote this article to help you read and understand your pathology report. Contact us if you have questions about this article or your pathology report. For a complete introduction to your pathology report, read this article.