Secretory carcinoma is a rare type of breast cancer characterized by a genetic change involving two genes – ETV6 and NTRK3. A tumour also called secretory carcinoma and sharing the same genetic change can also be found in the salivary glands, thyroid gland and skin. Secretory carcinoma can affect both women and men and can …
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The Nottingham histologic grade (or modified Scarff-Bloom-Richardson grade) is a system pathologists use to evaluate breast cancer under the microscope. It helps determine the aggressiveness of the cancer and provides important information for planning treatment. The grade is based on how different the cancer cells look from normal breast cells and how quickly they are …
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Invasive mucinous carcinoma is a type of breast cancer where the tumour cells are surrounded by a thick fluid called mucin. To be called mucinous carcinoma, at least 90% of the tumour needs to be made up of mucin. Compared to the more common invasive ductal carcinoma, invasive mucinous carcinoma is more likely to develop …
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What is breast cancer? Breast cancer is a general term used to describe a group of malignant (cancerous) tumours that develop from cells normally found in the breast. A malignant tumour is made up of abnormal cells that have the ability to invade surrounding tissues and spread to other parts of the body. The most …
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Phyllodes tumour is a rare type of breast tumour. Most phyllodes tumours will behave like non-cancerous tumours. However, a small number (approximately 10%) will behave like cancer. This behaviour includes the ability to spread through the normal tissue in the breast and to other parts of the body. The entire tumour must be removed surgically …
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Invasive lobular carcinoma is a type of breast cancer that commonly starts from a non-cancerous growth of abnormal breast cells called lobular carcinoma in situ (LCIS). LCIS can be present for months or years before turning into invasive lobular carcinoma. Patients with a previous diagnosis of LCIS are at a higher risk of developing it. What …
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Ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) is a non-invasive type of breast cancer. The tumour starts from specialized epithelial cells in the glands and ducts of the breast. DCIS is called non-invasive because, after careful microscopic examination, cancer cells were found only on the inside of the ducts and glands. If left untreated, patients with DCIS …
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Invasive ductal carcinoma is the most common type of breast cancer. It originates from epithelial cells lining the ducts of the breast and spreads into the surrounding breast tissue. If not treated, invasive ductal carcinoma can spread to other body parts, such as the lymph nodes, bones, and lungs. Another name for this type of …
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The progesterone receptor (PR) is a special type of protein found inside certain cells in the body. It belongs to a group of proteins called nuclear hormone receptors, which control how cells respond to hormones. Progesterone receptors specifically respond to the hormone progesterone, which plays a vital role in reproductive health, menstrual cycles, pregnancy, and …
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The estrogen receptor (ER) is a special type of protein found inside certain cells throughout the body. It belongs to a family of proteins known as nuclear hormone receptors, which control how cells respond to hormones. Specifically, estrogen receptors respond to the hormone estrogen, which plays a key role in many important functions within the …
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