Pseudoangiomatous stromal hyperplasia (PASH) is a non-cancerous growth in the breast. It is made up of specialized cells called myofibroblasts. The growth is called “pseudoangiomatous” (which means “like blood vessels”) because the myofibroblasts form small slit-like spaces that look similar to blood vessels when examined under the microscope. What causes PASH? PASH appears to be …
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Atypical ductal hyperplasia (ADH) is a precancerous condition in the breast. A person with this condition has a 3- to 5-fold increased risk of developing a type of breast cancer called invasive ductal carcinoma in their lifetime. This condition starts from cells normally found inside small spaces called ducts. Is atypical ductal hyperplasia a type …
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Chronic lymphocytic thyroiditis, also known as Hashimoto’s thyroiditis, is a common autoimmune condition that affects the thyroid gland. The thyroid is a small, butterfly-shaped gland located in the front of the neck that produces hormones responsible for regulating metabolism, energy levels, and numerous other vital body functions. In this condition, the immune system mistakenly attacks …
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Adrenal cortical carcinoma is a rare but aggressive cancer that starts in the adrenal cortex, the outer part of the adrenal gland. The adrenal cortex normally produces hormones that help control blood pressure, salt and water balance, metabolism, and the body’s response to stress. Some adrenal cortical carcinomas produce excess hormones, while others mainly cause …
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High-grade papillary urothelial carcinoma is a type of cancer that starts from specialized cells lining the urinary tract. The urinary tract includes the kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra, with the bladder being the most common site for these tumours. This type of cancer is described as high grade because the tumour cells appear very abnormal …
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Low-grade papillary urothelial carcinoma is a type of cancer that begins from specialized cells lining the urinary tract. The urinary tract includes the kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra, with most tumours appearing in the bladder. This cancer is called low-grade because, under the microscope, the tumour cells look quite similar to normal, healthy urothelial cells. …
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This article is designed to help you understand your pathology report for chronic active gastritis of the stomach. Each section explains an important aspect of the diagnosis and what it means for you. What is chronic active gastritis? Chronic active gastritis is a condition in which inflammation damages the tissue covering the inside of the stomach, preventing …
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Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is one of the most common types of skin cancer. It starts from squamous cells, which are the flat cells that normally form the outermost layer of the skin (the epidermis). SCC occurs when cancerous squamous cells grow beyond the epidermis into the deeper layers of the skin. Pathologists describe this …
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What is squamous cell carcinoma of the vulva? Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the vulva is a type of cancer that starts from cells in the skin on the surface of the vulva. What causes squamous cell carcinoma of the vulva? SCC of the vulva commonly develops from one of two pre-cancerous diseases: high-grade squamous …
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Low grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (LSIL) of the vulva is an abnormal growth caused by infection with human papillomavirus (HPV). The abnormal growth seen in LSIL is an example of dysplasia. In addition to the vulva, LSIL can also affect the vagina and cervix. In both women and men, LSIL may also involve the anal …
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