Ewing sarcoma is a rare and aggressive type of cancer that most often affects bones and, less commonly, the soft tissues. It belongs to a group of tumours called sarcomas, which arise from connective tissues such as bone, muscle, or soft tissue. Ewing sarcoma is made up of very immature-appearing cells and is driven by …
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High grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (HSIL) is a precancerous disease caused by human papillomavirus (HPV). It is composed of abnormal squamous cells that have been infected and transformed by the virus. Squamous cells are found in a thin layer of tissue called the epithelium which covers the inside surface of the anus and anal canal. …
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Non-invasive follicular thyroid neoplasm with papillary-like nuclear features (NIFTP) is a noncancerous thyroid tumour that grows slowly and has an excellent outcome after surgery. It develops from follicular cells, the normal cells of the thyroid gland that produce thyroid hormone. Although NIFTP cells can look similar under the microscope to cells seen in papillary thyroid …
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Keratinizing squamous dysplasia of the larynx is a precancerous condition affecting the tissue on the inner surface of the larynx. This condition is considered a precancerous disease because it can, over time, turn into a type of laryngeal cancer called squamous cell carcinoma. Pathologists divide keratinizing squamous dysplasia into three grades – mild, moderate, and …
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Mucinous adenocarcinoma is a distinct subtype of colorectal cancer. It is called “mucinous” because at least 50% of the tumor is composed of a gel-like substance called mucin. Mucin is normally produced in small amounts by the cells lining the inside of the colon, but in mucinous adenocarcinoma, cancer cells produce it in large quantities. …
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Collagenous colitis is a non-cancerous condition in which inflammation develops in the lining of the colon. It belongs to a group of conditions called microscopic colitis, named because the changes that cause symptoms can only be seen when tissue is examined under a microscope — the colon looks entirely normal during a colonoscopy. The other …
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Lymphocytic colitis is a non-cancerous condition in which an increased number of immune cells called lymphocytes accumulate in the colon’s lining, causing inflammation and damage. It belongs to a group of conditions called microscopic colitis, named because the changes that cause symptoms are invisible to the naked eye and can only be seen when tissue …
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Microscopic colitis is a non-cancerous condition in which immune cells accumulate in the inner lining of the colon, causing inflammation and damage. This inflammation interferes with the colon’s ability to absorb water, leading to persistent watery diarrhea. The condition is called “microscopic” because the colon looks entirely normal during a colonoscopy — the changes can …
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What is Kaposi sarcoma? Kaposi Sarcoma (KS) is a type of cancer made up of abnormal blood vessels. It is part of a group of cancers called sarcomas. Most of these tumours start in the skin and it is not uncommon for a person to have more than one tumour. Kaposi sarcoma can also develop inside …
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What is a lobular capillary hemangioma? A lobular capillary hemangioma is a common non-cancerous type of tumour made up of blood vessels and inflammatory cells. The tumour is usually round, and the surface may appear bright red. Lobular capillary hemangioma often appear suddenly and the tumour may grow very quickly at first only to decrease …
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