Cystic degeneration refers to a process where tissue undergoes changes that result in the formation of fluid-filled structures called cysts. This change develops when the tissue starts to break down or degenerate for various reasons. Cystic degeneration can be caused by several factors, depending on the tissue or organ involved: Aging: As tissues age, they …
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The Ki-67 labeling index (LI) is a test used in pathology to measure how quickly cells in a tissue sample are dividing or growing. It helps in understanding how active, or aggressive, certain cells are, especially in tumours. What is Ki-67? Ki-67 is a protein found in the nucleus of cells, which is the control …
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Low grade fibromyxoid sarcoma (also known as Evan’s tumour) is a rare type of soft tissue cancer. As its name suggests, low grade fibromyxoid sarcoma is typically considered a low grade sarcoma, meaning it tends to grow and spread more slowly compared to high grade tumours. However, it has a potential for late recurrence and …
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Background: Alveolar soft part sarcoma is a rare type of cancer that typically starts in the body’s soft tissues, including muscles, fat, and connective tissues. Despite its name, alveolar soft part sarcoma does not start in the lung’s alveolar structures, as one might think from the word “alveolar.” Instead, it gets its name from the …
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B-lymphoblastic leukemia, also known as B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL), is a type of cancer that affects the blood and bone marrow. It is a form of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) characterized by the rapid production of immature white blood cells called lymphoblasts. In B-ALL, these lymphoblasts are derived from B cells, a type of …
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The Nottingham histologic grade (or modified Scarff-Bloom-Richardson grade) is a system pathologists use to evaluate breast cancer under the microscope. It helps determine the aggressiveness of the cancer and provides important information for planning treatment. The grade is based on how different the cancer cells look from normal breast cells and how quickly they are …
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Poorly differentiated thyroid carcinoma (PDTC) is a rare type of thyroid cancer that falls between well differentiated thyroid cancers, such as papillary thyroid carcinoma and follicular thyroid carcinoma, and the more aggressive anaplastic thyroid carcinoma. This type of cancer is considered high-grade, meaning it tends to grow and spread more quickly than other thyroid cancers. …
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“Limited for interpretation” means that the pathologist was unable to make a complete diagnosis based on the tissue sample provided. This can happen for several reasons: The tissue sample was too small to provide enough information. The sample was damaged during retrieval or processing. The cells in the sample were no longer alive by the …
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Melanoma is a type of cancer that starts in cells called melanocytes. These cells are found in the skin and produce melanin, a pigment that gives your skin its color. Melanocytes are also found in mucosal tissues, such as the lining of the mouth, nose, and rectum. Melanoma occurs when these cells grow out of …
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Lymphoma is a type of cancer that starts from immune cells called lymphocytes. These cells normally protect your body from infections and disease. In lymphoma, lymphocytes become abnormal and grow uncontrollably, forming tumors that often involve lymph nodes but can also affect the spleen, bone marrow, and other organs throughout the body. What are the …
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