SMARCA4-deficient sinonasal carcinoma is a rare, fast-growing type of cancer that starts in the nasal cavity or the sinuses. The tumor cells have lost a protein called SMARCA4, also known as BRG1. Pathologists confirm the diagnosis by showing that this protein is missing from the tumor cells. SMARCA4-deficient sinonasal carcinoma is one of two types …
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Collecting duct carcinoma is a rare type of kidney cancer that starts in the collecting ducts. These are small tubes deep in the center of the kidney that carry urine toward the renal pelvis. It is also called collecting duct renal cell carcinoma or carcinoma of the collecting ducts of Bellini. Collecting duct carcinoma tends …
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Urothelial carcinoma of the renal pelvis and ureter is a cancer that starts in the lining of the upper urinary tract. The renal pelvis is the funnel-shaped space inside the kidney where urine collects. The ureter is the tube that carries urine from the kidney to the bladder. Both are lined by urothelial cells, the …
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PALB2 is a gene that helps cells repair damaged DNA. People born with a harmful change in one copy of the PALB2 gene have a higher-than-average risk of breast cancer. They also have a small increase in the risk of ovarian cancer, pancreatic cancer, and breast cancer in men. There is no widely used syndrome …
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Benign prostate tissue is the result given when a pathologist examines tissue from the prostate gland and finds no cancer. Benign means the cells and tissue examined are not cancerous. Your report may use a different phrase for the same result, such as negative for malignancy, benign prostatic tissue, or no evidence of carcinoma. A benign result …
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SWI/SNF complex-deficient sinonasal carcinoma is a rare, fast-growing type of cancer that starts in the nasal cavity or the sinuses. The tumor cells have lost one of the proteins that make up a group called the SWI/SNF complex. Pathologists confirm the diagnosis by showing that the tumor cells lack this protein. Two types of SWI/SNF …
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Genetic testing looks for changes in a person’s DNA that can explain a health condition, predict a future one, or show how the body handles certain medicines. This article is about genetic testing for conditions other than cancer. These include inherited disorders of the heart, muscles, nerves, blood, and metabolism, as well as conditions that …
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Biphenotypic sinonasal sarcoma (BSNS) is a rare, slow-growing cancer that starts inside the nose. It is a type of sarcoma, meaning it develops from the body’s connective tissues rather than the lining of the nose. The tumor usually grows in the upper nasal cavity or the ethmoid sinuses, the small air spaces between the eyes. …
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Respiratory epithelial adenomatoid hamartoma (REAH) is a noncancerous growth that develops inside the nose. It is made up of glands lined by the same type of tissue that normally covers the inside of the nasal cavity and sinuses. REAH grows slowly and does not spread to other parts of the body. The word hamartoma describes …
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A Leydig cell tumor is a tumor that starts from Leydig cells in the testicle. Leydig cells normally make testosterone, the main male hormone. A Leydig cell tumor belongs to a group called sex cord-stromal tumors. These tumors develop from the testicle’s supporting and hormone-producing cells rather than the cells that make sperm. Most Leydig …
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