Nuclear grade is a score that describes how abnormal the nuclei of tumor cells look under the microscope. The nucleus is the part of the cell that holds its genetic material. The more the nuclei differ from those of normal cells, the higher the nuclear grade. Nuclear grade is most often reported for breast cancer …
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Mean platelet volume, usually shortened to MPV, is the average size of the platelets in your blood. Platelets are the small cell fragments that stick together to stop bleeding after an injury. MPV is calculated automatically as part of a complete blood count (CBC) and reported in femtoliters (fL), a unit of volume. This article explains …
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Every laboratory report shows more than your result. Beside each measurement is a reference range, and after the number is a unit. Together, they turn a bare figure into something you can interpret. On its own, a creatinine of 1.0 or a sodium of 139 tells you nothing at all. This article explains what a …
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Urea is a waste product your body makes when it breaks down protein. Your liver produces it, your blood carries it, and your kidneys remove it in your urine. Measuring how much urea remains in your blood is one of the oldest and most widely used ways to check how well your kidneys clear waste. …
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A pilomatricoma is a noncancerous growth that develops from the cells at the base of a hair follicle, the structures in the skin that make hair. It is one of the commonest lumps removed from a child’s skin. Your report may use a different spelling or an older name. Pilomatrixoma means the same thing, as …
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A juvenile polyp is a noncancerous growth that forms in the lining of the colon or rectum. It is the most common type of polyp in children, and it is the usual explanation for painless bleeding from the bottom. The word juvenile here describes what the polyp looks like under the microscope, not the age …
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A sacrococcygeal teratoma is a growth made of several different kinds of tissue that develops at the base of the spine, in the area of the tailbone. It is the most common tumor found in newborn babies, affecting roughly 1 in every 35,000 to 40,000 births. It occurs about three to four times more often …
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Sarcoma with BCOR genetic alterations is an uncommon cancer that develops most often in bone and less often in the soft tissues. It belongs to a group called undifferentiated round cell sarcomas, meaning the tumor cells look very immature and do not resemble any normal tissue under the microscope. It accounts for roughly 4 percent …
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Ependymoma is a tumor that grows from ependymal cells. These cells line the fluid-filled spaces of the brain and the narrow central canal running down the middle of the spinal cord. Ependymomas can develop anywhere along that lining, from the top of the brain to the bottom of the spine where the tumor starts matters …
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Glypican-3 is a protein on the outer surface of cells that helps control signals that tell a cell whether to grow. The liver and other organs in a developing baby make large amounts before birth, and production almost stops afterward. Healthy liver tissue in a child or adult makes very little of it. Because normal …
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