D2-40 is the name of a stain that pathologists use to find a protein called podoplanin in a tissue sample. Podoplanin is found in the cells that line lymphatic vessels, the thin channels that drain fluid from tissues and carry immune cells around the body. Because the D2-40 stain highlights these vessels clearly, it is …
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A fibroepithelial polyp is a small, noncancerous growth that develops on the surface of the skin or the lining of certain body parts, such as the urinary tract or genital area. It is made up of fibrous tissue (connective tissue that supports other tissues in the body) and is covered by a thin layer of …
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HPV-related multiphenotypic sinonasal carcinoma is a rare type of cancer that develops in the nasal cavity or the paranasal sinuses, the air-filled spaces in the bones around the nose. It is linked to infection with high-risk human papillomavirus (HPV). The tumor is called “multiphenotypic” because it consists of more than one cell type, including cells …
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A solid pseudopapillary neoplasm is a rare, slow-growing cancer of the pancreas. It most often affects adolescent girls and young women, although it can occur at any age and, less commonly, in men. It has a slight tendency to arise in the tail (the end) of the pancreas. Although it is a cancer, this tumor …
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Atypical small acinar proliferation, or ASAP, is a term a pathologist uses when a prostate biopsy shows a small group of glands that look suspicious for cancer. There is not enough evidence in these glands to make a definite diagnosis. ASAP is not a diagnosis of cancer, and it is not a disease on its …
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Squamous dysplasia is a precancerous condition, which means the affected cells are not cancerous but have the potential to develop into cancer over time if left untreated. The term describes changes in squamous cells, which are flat cells that cover the surface of certain tissues in the body. Under the microscope, these cells look abnormal, and …
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High grade squamous dysplasia of the esophagus is a precancerous change in the cells lining the esophagus, the muscular tube that carries food and liquid from the mouth to the stomach. The inner surface of the esophagus is covered by squamous epithelium, a layered sheet of flat protective cells. New cells are made at the …
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Low grade squamous dysplasia of the esophagus is a precancerous change in the cells lining the esophagus, the muscular tube that carries food and liquid from the mouth to the stomach. The inner surface of the esophagus is covered by squamous epithelium, a layered sheet of flat protective cells. New cells are produced at the …
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Myeloid sarcoma is a type of cancer that develops from a group of blood-forming cells called myeloid blasts. These cells normally grow and mature in the bone marrow, which is the spongy tissue inside our bones. In myeloid sarcoma, abnormal myeloid blasts form a mass or tumour outside the bone marrow. This tumour can grow …
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The gastroesophageal junction is the area where the esophagus meets the stomach. The esophagus is a tube that carries food and liquids from your mouth to your stomach, while the stomach is a muscular organ that begins digesting food. The gastroesophageal junction is a barrier to prevent stomach acid and other contents from flowing back …
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