Background: Intraductal carcinoma of the prostate gland is a noninvasive tumour characterized by the proliferation of malignant cells within the ducts and acini of the prostate gland. Unlike invasive prostate cancer, the tumour cells in intraductal carcinoma are found within the ductal system and do not invade the surrounding prostate tissue. However, this condition is …
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Background: A prostatic stromal tumour of uncertain malignant potential, commonly referred to as STUMP, is a rare type of tumour that arises from the stromal (connective tissue) component of the prostate gland. The term “uncertain malignant potential” is used because it is difficult to predict how the tumour will behave. While most of these tumours …
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Myofibroblastoma is a rare, non-cancerous tumour that develops from the connective tissue of the breast. It is made up of cells called fibroblasts and myofibroblasts, which are normal cells involved in wound healing and tissue repair. Although myofibroblastomas most commonly form in the breast, they can also appear in other parts of the body, including …
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Background: An elastofibroma is a rare, benign (noncancerous) growth that usually develops in the soft tissues near the shoulder blades. It is made up of a mixture of fibrous tissue (similar to scar tissue) and abnormal elastic fibers (the fibers that give skin and other tissues their stretchiness). Elastofibromas are most often found in older …
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Background: Pleomorphic liposarcoma is a rare and aggressive type of cancer that develops from fat cells. Unlike well differentiated liposarcoma, which still resembles normal fat tissue, pleomorphic liposarcoma is made up of very abnormal cells that look nothing like normal fat cells. This type of cancer can grow quickly and has a higher risk of …
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Germinal centers are specialized structures within lymphoid tissues where B cells (a type of white blood cell) mature and differentiate. These centers play an important role in the body’s immune response by helping train B cells to produce antibodies that target specific pathogens. Where are germinal centers normally found? Germinal centers are typically found within …
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Tingible body macrophages are a type of immune cell that help maintain tissue health by removing dead or dying cells. Under a microscope, these macrophages often contain small, dark fragments. These fragments are the remains of cells that have naturally died during an immune response. The word “tingible” refers to these visible pieces of debris. …
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The small intestine has tiny, finger-like projections called villi that help absorb nutrients from food. Villous blunting refers to the shortening or flattening of these villi. When the villi are blunted, they lose their elongated shape and become shorter or flatter, reducing their ability to absorb nutrients effectively. What causes villous blunting? Villous blunting can …
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The small intestine has tiny, finger-like projections called villi that help absorb nutrients from food. Villous atrophy refers to the flattening or shrinking of these villi. When the villi are damaged and shrink, they can no longer effectively absorb nutrients, leading to various health problems. What causes villous atrophy? Villous atrophy can be caused by …
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Anaplasia is a term pathologists use to describe cancer cells that have lost the appearance and organization of the normal cells they came from. In healthy tissue, cells are differentiated — meaning they have developed specialized shapes and functions suited to the organ they belong to. Anaplastic cells have shed this specialization entirely. They look …
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