Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is a type of cancer that affects the blood and bone marrow. It starts in lymphocytes, a type of white blood cell that helps protect the body against infections. In CLL, the bone marrow produces too many abnormal lymphocytes. These cells do not work properly and crowd out normal blood cells. …
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Anemia is a condition in which the blood has too little hemoglobin, the protein inside red blood cells that carries oxygen throughout the body. Anemia can happen when there are fewer red blood cells than normal or when each red blood cell contains less hemoglobin than it should. Because oxygen is essential for producing energy, …
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What is usual interstitial pneumonia? Interstitial pneumonia is a group of diseases where inflammation and fibrosis damage small air-filled spaces inside the lungs called alveoli. Over time, the damage leads to scarring which prevents the lungs from working properly. Although the word pneumonia is used, this does not mean there is an infection in the …
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In pathology, well differentiated is a term used to describe how tumor cells look when examined under a microscope. Tumor cells described as well differentiated closely resemble the normal, healthy cells of the tissue from which the tumor started. These cells typically appear organized, uniform in size and shape, and maintain many features of their …
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What is a corpus luteum cyst? A corpus luteum cyst is a non-cancerous fluid-filled growth in the ovary. These types of cysts are very common in women of reproductive age. What causes a corpus luteum cyst? The corpus luteum is a normal structure that remains in the ovary after ovulation. It is made up of …
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What is a cortical inclusion cyst? A cortical inclusion cyst is a non-cancerous change that is commonly seen when the ovary of a reproductive-age woman is examined under a microscope. It is a small hole that forms from a break in the tissue on the surface of the ovary. Pathologists use the word cyst to …
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What are cystic follicles and follicle cysts in the ovary? Cystic follicles and follicle cysts are related non-cancerous changes commonly seen when the ovary of a reproductive-age woman is examined under the microscope. Both are created by the growth of a normal structure called a follicle that did not release its ovum (egg) during the …
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Atrophy of the ovary means that the ovary becomes smaller than normal and loses its usual function and structure. This process involves a decrease in the number of healthy ovarian cells and a reduction in hormone production. Atrophy of the ovary is a normal part of aging and is most commonly seen around the time …
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What are periovarian adhesions? Periovarian adhesions are thin strips of non-cancerous tissue attached to the outer surface of the ovary. They are commonly seen when the ovary is examined under the microscope. A periovarian adhesion is a type of scar. It is made up of a type of connective tissue that pathologists describe as fibrotic …
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An enchondroma is a common non-cancerous type of bone tumour made up of cartilage. Enchondromas are usually found in the bones of the hands or feet, but they may occur in almost any bone in the body. They usually affect young and middle-aged adults. Although very rare, a small percentage (less than 1%) of all …
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