Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) is a laboratory test used in pathology to detect and localize the presence or absence of specific DNA sequences on chromosomes. It works by using fluorescent probes that bind to only those parts of the chromosome that match or are complementary to the probe. It is commonly used in the …
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Myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) is a group of diseases that affect the bone marrow, which is the spongy tissue inside bones where new blood cells are made. In MDS, the bone marrow produces abnormal blood cells that do not function properly. Because of this, people with MDS often have low numbers of healthy blood cells. MDS …
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In pathology, an excision refers to the surgical removal of a piece of tissue from the body. This procedure is commonly performed to remove abnormal tissue, such as a tumor or an area of infection, and can be done for both diagnostic and therapeutic purposes. In a diagnostic context, an excision may be carried out …
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A well differentiated neuroendocrine tumour is a type of pancreatic cancer that starts from neuroendocrine cells in the hormone-producing (endocrine) part of the pancreas. These tumours are more common in people with a genetic syndrome called multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 (MEN1), but most people with this tumour do not have any known genetic condition. …
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What does chronic gastritis mean? Chronic gastritis means inflammation of the lining on the inside of the stomach. The inflammation prevents the stomach from functioning normally by damaging the specialized foveolar cells that cover the inside surface of the stomach. What are the symptoms of chronic gastritis? The most common symptoms of chronic gastritis are …
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What does “suspicious for follicular neoplasm” mean? Suspicious for follicular neoplasm is a term pathologists use to describe an abnormal growth in the thyroid gland. It is a preliminary diagnosis that includes both non-cancerous and cancerous conditions. These conditions include: Adenomatoid nodule – Adenomatoid nodule is a non-cancerous type of growth in the thyroid gland. …
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Follicular neoplasm is a term used by pathologists to describe a growth in the thyroid gland that is made up of cells that look like normal thyroid follicular cells. This term is most often used as a preliminary diagnosis after a test called a fine-needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB). Because the cells from a follicular neoplasm …
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Fibrocystic change is a non-cancerous (benign) condition of the breast that includes several related changes that often occur together. These changes include cysts, fibrosis, apocrine metaplasia, and adenosis. Fibrocystic change is very common and is seen in up to 60% of women of reproductive age. It can affect one or both breasts and may cause …
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KRAS is a gene found in nearly all cells in the body. Genes are instructions made of DNA that tell cells how to grow, divide, and function. The KRAS gene provides instructions for making a protein that helps control how cells respond to growth signals. KRAS is also considered a biomarker. A biomarker is a …
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What is a pleomorphic lipoma? A pleomorphic lipoma is a non-cancerous tumour made up of fat and spindle cells. This tumour commonly starts around the upper back and neck but can be found almost anywhere in the body. Most grow just under our skin where they feel like a soft lump. Another name for this …
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