Sebaceous glands are small glands found in the skin that produce sebum, an oily substance that helps keep the skin and hair soft, flexible, and protected. These glands are distributed throughout the body but are most numerous on the face, scalp, upper chest, and back. Sebaceous glands are connected to hair follicles, and the sebum …
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Atypical lobular hyperplasia (ALH) is a non-cancerous change in the breast in which the number of epithelial cells lining the small glands (called acini) inside the lobules is increased, and the cells look mildly abnormal. Although the cells are abnormal, they are not abnormal enough, or extensive enough, to be called cancer. Instead, atypical lobular …
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A ganglioneuroma is an uncommon, noncancerous tumor that develops from sympathetic nervous system cells. This part of the body’s nerve network controls automatic functions such as heart rate, blood pressure, and digestion. Ganglioneuroma is the most mature member of a family called the neuroblastic tumors. Less mature members include neuroblastoma, a cancer, and ganglioneuroblastoma, which …
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What is a spermatocytic tumour? Spermatocytic tumour is a rare type of testicular cancer that is typically seen in men over 50 years of age. Unlike other types of testicular cancers, spermatocytic tumour also never metastasizes (spreads) to other parts of the body and most patients are cured with surgery alone. What type of tumour …
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Herpes simplex virus (HSV) is a common virus that belongs to the herpesvirus family. There are two main types of HSV: HSV-1 and HSV-2. Both types can cause similar symptoms, including painful blisters or sores, although HSV-1 typically causes sores around the mouth (cold sores), while HSV-2 usually causes genital herpes. Once infected, the virus …
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Cytomegalovirus (CMV) is a common virus belonging to the family Herpesviridae. It is ubiquitous and infects people of all ages. CMV is spread through body fluids such as blood, saliva, urine, and breast milk. What are the symptoms of cytomegalovirus infection? Most healthy individuals who become infected with CMV have no symptoms, and the virus …
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An amendment is a formal correction or significant change made to a pathology report after the original report has already been issued. Unlike an addendum — which adds new information without changing what was previously written — an amendment directly modifies the content of the original report. Amendments must be clearly documented, and the relevant …
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An intramuscular myxoma is a noncancerous tumor that develops inside a muscle. It consists of scattered cells in a soft, gel-like background called myxoid tissue, which gives the tumor its name. An intramuscular myxoma does not spread to other parts of the body and does not turn into cancer. Removing it cures almost everyone. These …
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A myxoma is a noncancerous tumor made of scattered cells in a soft, gel-like background called myxoid tissue. The gel-like material is what gives this tumor its name and its soft, jelly-like feel. Myxomas do not spread to other parts of the body and do not turn into cancer. They grow slowly, and most are …
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A cardiac myxoma is a non-cancerous tumour that forms inside the heart. It is made up of long thin spindle cells surrounded by myxoid tissue. Cardiac myxoma is the second most common type of heart tumour in adults. What are the symptoms of a cardiac myxoma? The symptoms of a cardiac myxoma depend on the …
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