A malignant phyllodes tumour is a rare type of breast cancer that starts in the stroma (connective tissue) of the breast rather than the milk ducts or lobules. It is part of a group of tumours called fibroepithelial tumours, which have both stromal and epithelial (lining cell) components. The word phyllodes means “leaf-like” and refers …
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The residual cancer burden (RCB) index measures the amount of cancer remaining in the breast and nearby lymph nodes after neoadjuvant therapy (treatment given before surgery). The index is used for the most common types of breast cancer, including invasive ductal carcinoma, invasive lobular carcinoma, invasive apocrine carcinoma, and invasive breast carcinoma (not otherwise specified). The index combines several pathologic …
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Invasive breast carcinoma is the most common type of breast cancer. It begins in the cells lining the ducts and lobules of the breast and then spreads through the wall of a duct or lobule into the surrounding breast tissue. The word “invasive” means the cancer cells have broken out of the duct or lobule …
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Encapsulated papillary carcinoma is a rare and distinct type of breast cancer that is usually non-invasive. Non-invasive means the cancer cells have not spread beyond their original location into the surrounding breast tissue. The tumor grows inside a small, cyst-like space and is surrounded by a thick fibrous capsule — a layer of connective tissue …
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Invasive apocrine carcinoma is a rare type of breast cancer in which the tumor cells closely resemble apocrine cells, the specialized cells that make up apocrine sweat glands in the skin. It accounts for approximately 1% of all breast cancers. Under the microscope, apocrine carcinoma cells are large and have abundant pink cytoplasm, with prominent …
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Paget disease of the breast (also written Paget’s disease) is a non-invasive type of breast cancer that involves the nipple and the surrounding skin. It is considered non-invasive because the cancer cells are confined to the skin’s surface layer, the epidermis, and have not invaded deeper tissues. Most cases begin in the milk ducts that …
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A borderline phyllodes tumor is an uncommon breast tumor that arises from the stroma (supportive connective tissue) within the breast. It has characteristics that fall between benign (non-cancerous) and malignant (cancerous) phyllodes tumors. Borderline phyllodes tumors grow faster and have a greater likelihood of recurrence than benign tumors, but they typically do not spread to …
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Invasive mammary carcinoma is a general term used to describe a cancer that has grown into the breast tissue but has not yet been sorted into a more specific type of breast cancer. It is often a starting point: after further examination and testing, most invasive mammary carcinomas are reclassified as invasive ductal carcinoma (also …
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Invasive ductal carcinoma with apocrine features is a rare type of breast cancer, making up about 1% of all breast cancers. It consists of large, pink cells that closely resemble those of apocrine sweat glands in the skin. This same cancer is also called invasive apocrine carcinoma, and the name that appears on your report …
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Secretory carcinoma is a rare type of breast cancer that usually grows slowly and has a favorable outlook. It is called secretory carcinoma because the tumor cells produce secretions, which can be seen inside the cells and in the spaces between them under the microscope. Almost all secretory carcinomas are driven by a single genetic …
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