Lymphoblasts are immature cells that develop into lymphocytes, a type of white blood cell that is integral to the immune system. They are part of the body’s adaptive immune response, responsible for fighting infections and providing long-term immunity. Where are lymphoblasts normally found? Lymphoblasts are primarily found in the bone marrow, the soft, spongy center …
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In pathology, rhabdoid describes tumour cells resembling immature muscle cells called rhabdomyoblasts. Although these cells resemble developing muscle cells, they are not actually muscle-related, and tumours with rhabdoid cells typically do not arise from muscle tissue. Instead, “rhabdoid” refers specifically to their appearance under a microscope. Tumours containing rhabdoid cells tend to behave aggressively and …
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Leukemia is a type of cancer that affects the blood and bone marrow, the spongy tissue inside bones where blood cells are made. It is characterized by the rapid production of abnormal white blood cells (WBCs), which are not fully developed and do not function properly. These abnormal cells can accumulate in the blood and …
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High grade B cell lymphoma NOS (HGBL NOS) is a type of cancer that starts in the white blood cells called B cells. These cells are part of the immune system and help protect your body from infections and diseases. “High grade” means that this type of cancer is likely to grow and spread quickly …
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Metastasis is a term used in pathology to describe the process by which cancer spreads from where it first started (the primary site) to other body parts. When cancer cells break away from the original tumor, they can travel through the bloodstream or the lymphatic system (a network of vessels and nodes that helps fight …
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The Ki-67 labeling index is a number that tells doctors what percentage of cells in a tissue sample are actively dividing. It is based on a test for Ki-67, a protein that appears in the nucleus of cells when they prepare to divide. Cells that are resting and not dividing do not show Ki-67. By …
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Low grade fibromyxoid sarcoma (also known as Evan’s tumour) is a rare type of soft tissue cancer. As its name suggests, low grade fibromyxoid sarcoma is typically considered a low grade sarcoma, meaning it tends to grow and spread more slowly compared to high grade tumours. However, it has a potential for late recurrence and …
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Alveolar soft part sarcoma (ASPS) is a rare soft-tissue cancer that develops in the muscles, fat, or connective tissue of the body. Despite its name, it does not start in the alveoli of the lungs. Instead, the term “alveolar” refers to the way the tumor cells are arranged under the microscope. The cells tend to …
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Minimal residual disease (MRD) is a term used to describe the small number of cancer cells that remain in the body after cancer treatment. These cells have the potential to cause relapse in patients. MRD testing can help doctors determine how well the treatment worked, the risk of developing recurrent disease (relapse), and if further …
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Metastatic adenocarcinoma refers to cancer that has spread from its original (primary) site to other parts of the body. The term adenocarcinoma specifically refers to a type of cancer made up of glandular cells, which are the cells found inside most internal organs. For example, if someone has metastatic adenocarcinoma of the breast, it means …
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