Carcinoma is a type of cancer that begins in epithelial cells. Epithelial cells are specialized cells that line the surfaces of your body, both inside and out. For example, epithelial cells form your skin, line your digestive tract, and cover the surfaces of organs like your lungs, breasts, and prostate. Carcinomas can start in any …
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Adipose tissue, commonly known as fat, is a type of tissue in the body made up of cells called adipocytes. These cells store energy in the form of fat, help cushion and protect internal organs, and provide insulation to maintain body temperature. Adipose tissue plays an essential role in overall health and metabolism. Where is …
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Anaplastic is a term for tumour cells that have lost their normal structure and function. Anaplastic tumor cells look very different from the normal cells from which they originated and tend to behave more aggressively. Key features of anaplastic cells include: Loss of differentiation: Normal cells are specialized and have specific functions. Anaplastic cells lose …
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Adenosquamous carcinoma is a type of cancer that contains two different kinds of tumour cells: glandular cells and squamous cells. Glandular cells normally produce and release substances such as mucus or enzymes, while squamous cells form the flat surface layers of the skin and line many internal organs. Because it contains both cell types, adenosquamous …
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In pathology, the term atypia describes cells that look abnormal when examined under the microscope. These changes can affect the cytoplasm (body) of the cell or the nucleus (the part of the cell that holds the genetic material). Does atypia mean malignant? Atypia does not necessarily mean malignant (cancerous). While malignant tumors commonly contain cells …
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Apoptosis, often referred to as programmed cell death, is a natural and highly regulated process that occurs in all animals. It plays a crucial role in various biological functions, including development, tissue homeostasis, and the elimination of damaged or unnecessary cells. It is characterized by a series of well-orchestrated cellular events that lead to the …
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Adenocarcinoma is a type of cancer (malignant tumour) that develops from specialized glandular cells. Glandular cells typically produce substances such as mucus or hormones, and they’re normally found in many internal organs, including the lungs, breast, stomach, pancreas, colon, ovaries, and uterus (endometrium). Adenocarcinoma is the most common type of cancer affecting internal organs. Adenocarcinoma …
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An adenoma is a noncancerous growth made up of glandular cells. Glandular cells are special cells found throughout the body that produce and release substances such as mucus, enzymes, and hormones to help organs work properly. Although adenomas are not cancerous, some types can develop into cancer over time. For this reason, adenomas are often carefully …
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Acute inflammation is the body’s immediate and natural response to injury, irritation, or infection. It begins within minutes or hours and is the body’s way of protecting itself, sending immune cells and other substances to the area to fight infection and start the healing process. Unlike chronic inflammation, which lasts for months or years, acute …
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Immunohistochemistry (often abbreviated as IHC) is a laboratory test that pathologists use to detect specific proteins, also known as antigens, within cells in a tissue sample. By highlighting these proteins, pathologists can gain a better understanding of the types of cells present, their origins, and their behavior. This information enables doctors to make accurate diagnoses, …
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