Cytokeratin 34betaE12 (CK34βE12) is a special protein that belongs to a family of proteins called cytokeratins. Cytokeratins form part of the supportive framework inside specific cells known as epithelial cells, which cover surfaces and line organs throughout the body. Specifically, CK34βE12 is a “high molecular weight” cytokeratin, meaning it is larger and helps maintain the …
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Succinate dehydrogenase-deficient renal cell carcinoma (often called SDH-deficient RCC) is a rare type of kidney cancer. It occurs when a gene called succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) doesn’t function properly due to mutations. SDH is important for normal cell function and energy production. When this gene isn’t working, it can cause cells in the kidney to grow …
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Tubulocystic renal cell carcinoma (TcRCC) is a rare type of kidney cancer. It begins in very small tubes (tubules) and cysts within the kidney. A cyst is a small sac filled with fluid. These tumours typically have a cystic appearance, meaning they contain multiple small cysts. Tubulocystic renal cell carcinoma is usually a slow-growing tumour …
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A papillary adenoma is a small, non-cancerous (benign) kidney tumour. It arises from tiny tubes inside the kidney called tubules. Papillary adenomas typically measure less than 15 millimeters (about 0.6 inches) in size. They often exhibit a pattern of growth described as papillary, meaning they develop in small, finger-like projections. Sometimes the growth pattern is …
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Chronic active enteritis refers to ongoing (chronic) inflammation in the small intestine, accompanied by recent (active) inflammation. Pathologists use this term after examining a tissue sample under a microscope. They observe a mixture of immune cells that indicates inflammation has been present for an extended period and is currently active. They may also see specific …
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Chronic enteritis refers to long-lasting inflammation of the small intestine. When examining a tissue sample under a microscope, pathologists identify chronic enteritis by seeing increased numbers of specific immune cells, particularly lymphocytes and plasma cells. The presence of these immune cells means the inflammation has been present for an extended period—weeks, months, or even years. …
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Active enteritis refers to inflammation of the small intestine, involving specialized immune cells known as neutrophils. This finding suggests recent or ongoing irritation, infection, or injury to the intestinal lining. Pathologists identify active enteritis by examining tissue samples from your intestine under a microscope. What are the symptoms of active enteritis? Symptoms of active enteritis …
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Enteritis means inflammation of the small intestine. When your intestine becomes irritated or inflamed, it can lead to symptoms like abdominal pain, diarrhea, and difficulty absorbing nutrients. Pathologists use the term “enteritis” when they examine tissue samples from the intestine and notice inflammation. What are the symptoms of enteritis? Symptoms of enteritis can vary depending …
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Intraepithelial lymphocytosis describes an abnormally high number of lymphocytes — a type of immune cell — found within the epithelium, which is the thin layer of cells that lines the inner surfaces of organs such as the intestines, stomach, cervix, and airways. A small number of lymphocytes in the epithelium is normal, but when their …
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The term micropapillary refers to a specific pattern of tumor growth that pathologists observe when examining tissue samples under a microscope. In a micropapillary pattern, tumor cells form very small, finger-like or rounded clusters. These clusters typically float within empty spaces, giving a distinctive appearance. The word “micro” indicates that these growth patterns are very small, while …
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