The Hans algorithm is a tool used by pathologists to classify diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL) into different subtypes based on the expression of specific proteins in the cancer cells. DLBCL is the most common type of non-Hodgkin lymphoma, and it can be divided into two main subtypes: germinal center B-cell-like (GCB) and activated …
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Spindle cell/sclerosing rhabdomyosarcoma is a rare type of cancer that starts in skeletal muscle cells — the muscle responsible for voluntary movements such as walking and lifting. It is classified as a sarcoma and is one of four main subtypes of rhabdomyosarcoma. It can affect people of all ages, but its behavior, underlying genetic changes, …
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Pleomorphic rhabdomyosarcoma is a rare type of cancer that starts in the skeletal muscle tissue, the muscle responsible for voluntary movements like walking or lifting objects. This cancer is called “pleomorphic” because the tumour cells can take on many different shapes and sizes. It is most commonly found in adults, especially in the arms, legs, …
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Small cell neuroendocrine carcinoma is an aggressive type of cancer that arises from neuroendocrine cells, specialized cells found in many organs throughout the body. These cells help regulate important body functions by releasing hormones in response to signals from the nervous system. Under the microscope, the tumour is composed of very small, round or oval …
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A thymoma is a rare tumour that starts in the thymus, a small organ in the chest behind the breastbone. The thymus plays a key role in the immune system, particularly during childhood, by helping develop T cells, which are important for fighting infections. What are the symptoms of a thymoma? Some people with a …
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Thymic carcinoma is a rare type of cancer that starts in the thymus, a small organ located in the chest that produces T cells and plays a role in the immune system. Unlike thymomas, thymic carcinomas are more aggressive and have a higher tendency to spread to other parts of the body. What is the …
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Type B3 thymoma is a rare tumour that starts in the thymus, a small organ located in the chest. The thymus is part of the immune system and helps produce T cells. This type of thymoma predominantly comprises epithelial cells, which look more abnormal than those in type B1 and B2 thymomas. It has fewer …
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Type B2 thymoma is a rare tumour that starts in the thymus, a small organ located in the chest. The thymus plays an important role in the immune system by producing T cells. In this type of tumour, there is a mix of lymphocytes (a type of white blood cell) and epithelial cells, with more …
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The FNCLCC (Fédération Nationale des Centres de Lutte Contre le Cancer) is the most common grading system doctors use to evaluate soft tissue sarcomas, which are cancers that start in tissues like muscles, fat, or blood vessels. This grading system helps doctors assess how aggressive (fast-growing) the tumour is, guiding treatment decisions and helping predict …
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Type B1 thymoma is a rare tumour that starts in the thymus, a small organ located in the chest. The thymus plays an important role in developing the immune system, especially during childhood. Type B1 thymomas contain many lymphocytes, a type of white blood cell, and the tumour cells resemble normal thymic epithelial cells. This type of thymoma …
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