Polypoid means shaped like a polyp. Pathologists and other doctors use the term to describe a growth or area of tissue that sticks up from a surface, forming a rounded bump or mushroom-like projection. It describes the shape of a growth, not what the growth is. The word polypoid does not indicate whether a growth is benign (noncancerous), …
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Hypocellular marrow is a medical condition characterized by a bone marrow that has fewer blood-forming cells than normal. Bone marrow is a soft, spongy tissue found inside your bones, responsible for producing red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets. These cells are crucial because red blood cells carry oxygen, white blood cells fight infections, …
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IgA nephropathy, also known as Berger’s disease, is a kidney condition in which an antibody called immunoglobulin A (IgA) builds up in the kidney’s filtering units and causes inflammation. Antibodies are proteins the immune system normally makes to fight infection. In IgA nephropathy, an abnormal form of IgA accumulates in the kidneys, triggers inflammation, and, …
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FLI1 (Friend leukemia integration 1) is a protein produced by a gene located on chromosome 11. It belongs to a family of proteins known as ETS transcription factors, which play an important role in controlling cell growth, differentiation, and development. Pathologists often test for FLI1 to help diagnose certain types of cancers, especially Ewing sarcoma …
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Intraepithelial is a medical term pathologists use to describe cells or changes that occur entirely within the epithelium—the thin layer of tissue that lines and protects the body’s surfaces and cavities, including the skin and internal organs. This term indicates that the cells involved have not spread beyond this lining or into deeper tissues. Why …
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A polypectomy is a medical procedure used to remove a polyp, which is a small growth of tissue, from the inner surface of an organ. It is commonly performed in parts of the digestive tract, especially the colon (large intestine), stomach, or rectum. After removal, the polyp is sent to a laboratory, where a pathologist …
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The Gleason score is a number pathologists use to describe prostate cancer based on how the tumor cells look under a microscope. This score helps doctors predict how quickly and aggressively the cancer may grow and spread. The Gleason score can only be determined after examining a tissue sample from the prostate tumor. How is …
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Colitis means inflammation of the colon. The colon (a part of the large intestine) is the last part of the digestive system and helps absorb water and nutrients from food. When the colon becomes inflamed, it can’t do its job correctly, leading to uncomfortable symptoms. What are the symptoms of colitis? Common symptoms of colitis …
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Mature adipose tissue, commonly known as mature fat, is a fully developed form of fat tissue in the body. It is composed primarily of cells called adipocytes that store energy, provide cushioning for internal organs, and help regulate body temperature by providing insulation. Mature adipose tissue is essential for healthy metabolism and normal body function. …
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Unicentric Castleman disease (UCD) is a rare, non-cancerous condition that affects lymph nodes. Lymph nodes are small structures found throughout the body that help fight infection. In UCD, only a single lymph node or a group of lymph nodes in a specific area is involved. UCD typically has benign features, meaning it is not cancerous …
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