OCT3/4 is a protein found inside certain types of cells. This protein is important because it helps maintain cells in an immature or stem cell-like state. Stem cells are special cells that can develop into many different types of cells in the body. OCT3/4 is especially important during early human development. Why do pathologists test …
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Pancytokeratin is a term pathologists use to describe a group of proteins called cytokeratins found within specific cells, particularly epithelial cells. Epithelial cells line surfaces inside and outside the body, including the skin and internal organs. Pancytokeratin tests detect many different types of cytokeratins at the same time. Why do pathologists test for pancytokeratin? Pathologists …
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Lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma (LPL) is a slow-growing type of blood cancer made up of abnormal immune cells, including lymphocytes and plasma cells. These cells usually build up in the bone marrow and sometimes in the lymph nodes, spleen, or other tissues, reducing the body’s ability to produce healthy blood cells. Most lymphoplasmacytic lymphomas make a type …
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Lymphoplasmacytic is a term pathologists use to describe inflammation involving two specific types of immune cells: lymphocytes and plasma cells. Lymphocytes are white blood cells that help protect your body against infections. Plasma cells are specialized cells that develop from lymphocytes and produce antibodies to fight infections and other harmful substances. What causes lymphoplasmacytic inflammation? …
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Lymphohistiocytic is a term pathologists use to describe a type of inflammation involving two kinds of immune cells: lymphocytes and histiocytes. Lymphocytes are white blood cells that help your body fight infections, while histiocytes are cells that remove harmful substances and help repair damaged tissues. Together, these cells indicate that your immune system is responding …
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A satellite metastasis is a small group of cancer cells that has spread just beyond the main tumour but remains very close to it. These small tumours are usually found within 2 centimeters of the primary tumour and have not yet traveled to lymph nodes or distant organs. Satellite metastases are most commonly seen in …
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Gangrenous cholecystitis is a severe and life-threatening form of gallbladder inflammation. It happens when the gallbladder does not get enough blood flow, causing its tissues to die. When this occurs, the gallbladder can develop infection, rupture, or serious complications, making emergency treatment necessary. What are the symptoms of gangrenous cholecystitis? The symptoms of gangrenous cholecystitis …
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D2-40 is the name of a stain that pathologists use to find a protein called podoplanin in a tissue sample. Podoplanin is found in the cells that line lymphatic vessels, the thin channels that drain fluid from tissues and carry immune cells around the body. Because the D2-40 stain highlights these vessels clearly, it is …
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A fibroepithelial polyp is a small, noncancerous growth that develops on the surface of the skin or the lining of certain body parts, such as the urinary tract or genital area. It is made up of fibrous tissue (connective tissue that supports other tissues in the body) and is covered by a thin layer of …
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HPV-related multiphenotypic sinonasal carcinoma is a rare type of cancer that develops in the nasal cavity or the paranasal sinuses, the air-filled spaces in the bones around the nose. It is linked to infection with high-risk human papillomavirus (HPV). The tumor is called “multiphenotypic” because it consists of more than one cell type, including cells …
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