Adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATLL) is a rare type of blood cancer that develops in T cells. T cells are a type of white blood cell that plays a key role in the immune system by fighting infections and helping to regulate immune responses. When ATLL mainly affects the blood and bone marrow, it is called …
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Peripheral T cell lymphoma, not otherwise specified (PTCL-NOS), is an aggressive blood cancer that starts in mature T cells — the white blood cells that normally coordinate immune responses, help fight infections, and regulate the immune system. The word “peripheral” does not mean the cancer is located at the edges of the body; it means …
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Actinic cheilitis is a precancerous condition that affects the lips, most commonly the lower lip. It develops after many years of exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation, usually from sunlight. The lips are covered by a thin layer of skin and mucosa that is more sensitive to sun damage than other areas of the body. Over …
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Pathologists use the term atypical melanocytic proliferation when they see a skin lesion made up of melanocytes (the cells that produce pigment) that does not look completely normal under the microscope. These lesions show some unusual or atypical features but do not have all the features needed to confidently label them as benign (non-cancerous) or …
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A nevus (plural: nevi) is a medical term used to describe a growth or spot on the skin that develops from melanocytes. Melanocytes are the cells in the skin that produce melanin, the pigment responsible for skin and hair colour. Most nevi are harmless and commonly called moles, though the term nevus includes various pigmented …
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Psoriasiform dermatitis is a term for a reactive pattern of skin changes that can result from several different underlying conditions. It is called psoriasiform because the changes resemble those seen in psoriasis. What are the symptoms of psoriasiform dermatitis? People with psoriasiform dermatitis often notice red patches of skin with a dry or flaky surface …
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Hydrosalpinx is a condition in which one or both fallopian tubes, which connect the ovaries to the uterus, become blocked and fill with a watery fluid. The term “hydro” means water, and “salpinx” refers to the fallopian tube. This fluid buildup can cause the fallopian tube to swell and sometimes interfere with fertility. What are …
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Squamous intraepithelial lesion is an abnormal growth caused by infection with human papillomavirus (HPV). This condition affects the squamous cells, which are thin, flat cells that line certain areas of the body, including the cervix, vagina, vulva, and anus. Squamous intraepithelial lesion is considered a precancerous disease, meaning it has the potential to develop into …
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Poorly differentiated carcinoma is a type of cancer made up of cells that line the surfaces of organs. Differentiation refers to the degree to which cancer cells resemble normal cells from the tissue in which they originated. When cancer is poorly differentiated, the tumour cells have lost many of the normal structures and features, making …
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Poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma is a type of cancer that begins in glandular cells (cells that produce mucus or other fluids), which are found in many organs, including the stomach, intestines, lungs, and pancreas. In this type of cancer, the cancer cells have lost many of their normal structures, making them look very different from the …
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