Richter transformation (also called Richter syndrome) is a serious change that can occur in people who already have chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) or small lymphocytic lymphoma (SLL). These are slow-growing blood cancers that behave similarly. In Richter transformation, the original cancer suddenly becomes more aggressive, which means it grows faster, spreads more quickly, and usually …
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This article is designed to help you understand your pathology report for T-cell lymphoblastic lymphoma. Each section explains an important aspect of the diagnosis and what it means for you. What is T-cell lymphoblastic lymphoma? T-cell lymphoblastic lymphoma (T-LBL) is a type of cancer caused by immature T cells called lymphoblasts. These are a type of white blood cell that …
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This article is designed to help you understand your pathology report for well differentiated neuroendocrine tumour of the small intestine. Each section explains an important aspect of the diagnosis and what it means for you. What is a well differentiated neuroendocrine tumour? A well differentiated neuroendocrine tumour (NET) is a type of small intestinal cancer …
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Poorly differentiated neuroendocrine carcinoma (NEC) is a rare and aggressive type of stomach cancer. It develops from specialized neuroendocrine cells found in the lining of the stomach. These cells normally help regulate digestive functions by releasing small hormone-like molecules. In NEC, these cells become cancerous and divide quickly, often forming a large tumor that can …
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Lentigo maligna melanoma is a type of skin cancer that develops in areas of skin with significant sun damage, such as the face, neck, or arms. It begins as a non-invasive form of skin cancer called lentigo maligna, which is confined to the top layer of skin (the epidermis). Over time, lentigo maligna may progress …
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Striated duct adenoma is a rare, benign tumour that develops in the salivary glands, most often in the parotid gland, situated in front of and below the ears. The tumour is made up of small ducts (tiny tube-like structures) similar to those normally found in the salivary glands. These tumours are typically slow-growing and do …
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Smooth muscle neoplasm is a descriptive term used by pathologists to describe a tumour composed of smooth muscle cells. Smooth muscle is the type of muscle found in organs that move automatically, such as the walls of blood vessels, the digestive tract, and the uterus. Under the microscope, smooth muscle cells appear long and thin, …
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HPV-associated squamous cell carcinoma is a type of cancer that starts from squamous cells, which are flat cells lining the inside of the nasal cavity and the paranasal sinuses. The nasal cavity is the hollow space inside the nose that helps warm and filter air, while the paranasal sinuses are air-filled spaces in the bones …
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IgG4-related disease is a rare autoimmune condition where the immune system becomes overactive and mistakenly attacks healthy tissues in the body. It can affect many organs, including the pancreas, salivary glands, bile ducts, kidneys, and lymph nodes. This disease is called “IgG4-related” because it is associated with increased levels of a specific antibody called IgG4. …
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A myofibroblastic lesion (also called a myofibroblastic proliferation) is a descriptive term used when a tissue sample contains an increased number of myofibroblasts. Myofibroblasts are specialized cells that share features of fibroblasts (cells that make connective tissue) and muscle cells (cells that can contract). Myofibroblasts normally appear during wound healing and tissue repair, where they …
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