BAP1 stands for BRCA1 Associated Protein-1, a protein found inside cells throughout the body. It is located on chromosome 3 and acts as a tumor suppressor, meaning it helps prevent cells from growing uncontrollably and turning into cancer. Loss of BAP1 activity or expression in cells is often associated with certain aggressive cancers and can …
Read More »
PRAME stands for “preferentially expressed antigen in melanoma.” It is a special type of protein called a cancer-testis antigen. This means that PRAME is usually found in cancer cells and normal cells within the testis, but rarely in other normal tissues of the body. Because PRAME is mostly found in cancer cells, pathologists often test …
Read More »
Epithelial hyperplasia is a term pathologists use to describe an increased number of epithelial cells, which line the surfaces of organs and structures throughout the body. It is a non-cancerous (benign) condition that leads to thickening or enlargement of the epithelial layer. Another term often used is hyperplastic epithelium. Where is epithelial hyperplasia commonly found? …
Read More »
A malignant phyllodes tumour is a rare type of breast cancer that starts in the stroma (connective tissue) of the breast rather than the milk ducts or lobules. It is part of a group of tumours called fibroepithelial tumours, which have both stromal and epithelial (lining cell) components. The word phyllodes means “leaf-like” and refers …
Read More »
High-grade endometrial stromal sarcoma is an uncommon cancer that starts in the supporting tissue of the lining of the uterus. That supporting tissue is called stroma, and it is the material that normally surrounds and holds together the glands of the endometrium. A sarcoma is a cancer that arises from connective or supporting tissue rather …
Read More »
Low-grade endometrial stromal sarcoma is an uncommon cancer that starts in the supporting tissue of the lining of the uterus. That supporting tissue is called stroma, and it is the material that normally surrounds the glands of the endometrium. A sarcoma is a cancer arising from connective or supporting tissue rather than from the lining …
Read More »
Squamous intraepithelial neoplasia of the esophagus is a precancerous condition that involves abnormal changes in the cells lining the esophagus. The esophagus is the muscular tube that carries food from your mouth to your stomach. “Squamous” refers to the type of cells affected, which are flat cells normally lining the inner surface of the esophagus. …
Read More »
Adenocarcinoma can sometimes develop within a colon or rectal polyp. A polyp is a growth that projects from the inner lining of the colon or rectum. Most polyps are benign (non-cancerous), but some types have the potential to develop into cancer over time. When a cancer starts in a polyp and invades deeper layers of …
Read More »
Pathologists use the term desmoplastic to describe tissue that shows an abnormal response to the presence of cancer cells. Specifically, a desmoplastic reaction occurs when the supportive tissue around cancer cells, called stroma, becomes dense, thickened, and scar-like. This reaction is a common feature seen in malignant (cancerous) tumors. Why is a desmoplastic reaction important? Identifying a …
Read More »
A neuroendocrine neoplasm is a type of cancer that develops from specialized neuroendocrine cells. These cells are unique because they share characteristics of both nerve cells and hormone-producing (endocrine) cells. Neuroendocrine neoplasms can develop anywhere in the body where neuroendocrine cells normally reside, including the lungs, stomach, intestines, pancreas, and various glands. The normal function …
Read More »
🔍 Search MyPathologyReport
Type what you see on your report — for example a diagnosis or test name
