The mitotic rate describes how many cells in a tumour are actively dividing. When cells divide, they create new cells. This is a normal process in healthy tissue, but in a tumour, a high number of dividing cells can be a sign that the tumour is growing quickly. In a pathology report, the mitotic rate …
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A neuroendocrine tumor (NET) of the larynx (also known as a well differentiated neuroendocrine tumor) is a rare type of cancer that develops from specialized cells called neuroendocrine cells, which release hormones into the blood in response to signals from the nervous system. These tumors occur in the larynx (voice box), the structure in your …
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A neuroendocrine tumor (NET) is a rare type of cancer that arises from neuroendocrine cells in the nasal cavity or sinuses. Neuroendocrine cells normally produce hormones in response to nerve signals. Tumors formed by these cells can vary widely in their behavior, from slow-growing to highly aggressive. What are the symptoms of a neuroendocrine tumor …
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Keratinizing refers to a process in which squamous cells produce large amounts of a protein called keratin. Keratin is a tough, protective substance that makes tissues more resistant to injury, infection, and dehydration. As squamous cells become keratinizing, they gradually lose their ability to function as living cells. Instead, they form a strong outer layer …
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Normocytic normochromic anemia is a type of anemia where the body has fewer red blood cells than normal. Still, these cells are normal in size (normocytic) and contain a typical amount of hemoglobin, the protein that carries oxygen (normochromic). Anemia occurs when there aren’t enough healthy red blood cells or the red blood cells do …
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HPV-independent squamous cell carcinoma of the vagina is a type of vaginal cancer that is not caused by infection with human papillomavirus (HPV). It develops when squamous cells in the lining of the vagina grow abnormally and form a tumor that can invade the surrounding tissue. Vaginal cancer is rare, and squamous cell carcinoma is …
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HPV-associated squamous cell carcinoma of the vagina is a type of vaginal cancer caused by infection with human papillomavirus (HPV). It develops when high-risk types of HPV cause squamous cells in the lining of the vagina to grow abnormally, eventually forming a tumor that can invade the surrounding tissue. Vaginal cancer is rare, accounting for …
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The androgen receptor (AR) is a protein found in certain cells that acts as a receptor for hormones called androgens — a group that includes testosterone. When an androgen enters a cell and binds to the androgen receptor, it sends a signal to the cell’s nucleus telling it to grow and divide. In healthy tissue, …
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Neuroblastoma is a type of cancer that develops from nerve cells called neuroblasts, which are usually found in infants and young children. It typically starts in parts of the body that form from special neural crest cells during fetal development. Common locations include the adrenal glands (near the kidneys), the chest, abdomen, pelvis, and along …
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Intramucosal carcinoma describes an early stage of cancer where abnormal cells are still limited to a thin layer of tissue called the mucosa. Cancers treated at this stage are less likely to spread to other body parts. Is intramucosal carcinoma a type of cancer? Yes, intramucosal carcinoma is a type of cancer, but it is …
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