HHV8-associated multicentric Castleman disease (also called KSHV/HHV8-associated multicentric Castleman disease) is a condition in which the immune system creates a large number of abnormal cells called plasmablasts, due to infection by a virus known as human herpesvirus-8 (HHV8). This leads to enlarged lymph nodes, inflammation throughout the body, and systemic symptoms, such as fever and …
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Acute T-cell mediated rejection, also called acute cellular rejection, is a condition in which the immune system of a person who has received a kidney transplant attacks the transplanted kidney. It is driven by immune cells called T cells, which recognize the transplanted kidney as foreign, enter the tissue, and cause inflammation and injury. It …
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Systemic mastocytosis is a type of blood disease in which a specific type of white blood cell, called a mast cell, grows in an abnormal and uncontrolled way. Normally, mast cells are part of the body’s immune system and help fight infections, but in systemic mastocytosis, these abnormal mast cells accumulate and build up in …
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Mastocytosis is a rare group of conditions characterized by an abnormal buildup of mast cells in various parts of the body. Mast cells are a type of immune cell that plays a crucial role in allergic reactions and inflammation. Normally, mast cells help protect your body from infections, but in mastocytosis, these cells become overactive …
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Sézary syndrome is a rare type of cancer involving specific white blood cells called T cells. Normally, T cells help fight infections and diseases. In Sézary syndrome, these cells become cancerous and multiply out of control. The cancerous T cells, known as Sézary cells, exhibit a unique, folded appearance under the microscope. These abnormal cells …
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Hairy cell leukemia (HCL) is a rare, slow-growing blood cancer that develops from mature B cells, a type of white blood cell that normally helps the body fight infection. The cancer cells have fine, hair-like projections on their surface that can be seen under the microscope, which is how the disease got its name. Hairy …
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Mesangial sclerosis refers to scarring or hardening (sclerosis) of a specific area within the kidney known as the mesangium. The mesangium is a support structure within the glomeruli, tiny filters in the kidneys responsible for removing waste and excess fluid from your blood. When the mesangium becomes scarred, it can impair kidney function, leading to …
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Glomerulosclerosis is a condition characterized by scarring or hardening (sclerosis) of the tiny filters in the kidneys known as glomeruli. Normally, these structures help filter waste and excess fluid from your blood. When the glomeruli become scarred, they can’t perform their job effectively, which can eventually lead to impaired kidney function or kidney failure. What …
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BerEP4 is an antibody that pathologists use to identify a specific protein found on the surface of many types of epithelial cells. This protein is called epithelial cell adhesion molecule (EpCAM). EpCAM helps cells stick together, which is important for maintaining the structure and function of many tissues. Pathologists commonly use BerEP4 testing to help …
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Claudin 18.2 is a protein that helps cells stick tightly together, creating barriers between different compartments in the body. It is one form of a protein called claudin 18, specifically found in the cells lining the stomach. Claudin 18.2 is important because it is abnormally expressed (present when it normally shouldn’t be) in certain cancers, …
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