A borderline tumor is a type of growth that shows features between benign (noncancerous) and malignant (cancerous). These tumors usually grow slowly and do not spread to distant parts of the body, but they may invade nearby tissue or come back (recur) after removal. The term borderline in this situation is used to describe the …
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Glomangiopericytoma is a rare type of tumor that develops in the soft tissues of the nasal cavity or paranasal sinuses, which are the hollow spaces around the nose. It typically behaves in a noncancerous manner, growing slowly and remaining confined to the area where it started. However, in rare cases, it can act more aggressively, …
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A fibroepithelial lesion is a term pathologists use to describe a group of breast tumors that contain both epithelial cells (cells that line breast ducts) and stromal cells (the connective tissue that supports the ducts). This is not a final diagnosis. Instead, it is used when the tissue sample from a biopsy is too small …
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Biliary intraepithelial neoplasia (BilIN) is a precancerous change in the thin layer of cells that line the gallbladder and bile ducts. The abnormal cells are confined to the inner surface and have not yet invaded deeper tissues. Because it is microscopic, BilIN cannot be seen with the naked eye and is usually only discovered when …
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Adenocarcinoma is a type of gallbladder cancer that starts in glandular cells. These cells normally produce bile and line the inner surface of the gallbladder. In adenocarcinoma, the cells grow in an abnormal and uncontrolled way, invading deeper layers of the gallbladder wall and sometimes spreading to nearby lymph nodes or organs. Symptoms Gallbladder adenocarcinoma …
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Loop electrosurgical excision procedure (LEEP) is a treatment that removes abnormal tissue from the cervix using a thin wire loop that carries an electrical current. The cervix is the lower part of the uterus that connects to the vagina. LEEP is both a treatment and a method for obtaining tissue for microscopic examination. Why is …
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A mixed neuroendocrine non-neuroendocrine neoplasm (MiNEN) is a rare type of appendix cancer that contains two different components: A neuroendocrine carcinoma (NEC) or neuroendocrine tumor (NET), which comes from hormone-producing neuroendocrine cells. A non-neuroendocrine carcinoma, usually an adenocarcinoma (a cancer that develops from gland-forming cells). For a tumor to be called MiNEN, each component must …
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A poorly differentiated neuroendocrine carcinoma (NEC) is a rare and aggressive type of appendix cancer. It begins with neuroendocrine cells in the appendix, which normally help regulate digestion by releasing hormones in response to signals from the nervous system. Unlike well differentiated neuroendocrine tumors (NETs), which are slow-growing and often discovered by chance, poorly differentiated NECs …
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An excisional biopsy is a type of surgical procedure in which the entire abnormal area of tissue is removed so it can be examined under a microscope by a pathologist. Unlike other types of biopsies that only take a small sample, an excisional biopsy removes the whole lump, lesion, or suspicious area. This enables the …
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Metaplastic carcinoma is a rare and aggressive type of breast cancer. It develops when cancer cells from the breast change their appearance and begin to resemble other types of cells. For example, the tumour may contain: Squamous cells (flat cells normally found on the surface of the skin and lining surfaces of the body). Spindle-shaped …
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