Eosinophilic esophagitis is a chronic inflammatory condition that affects the esophagus, the muscular tube that carries food from your mouth to your stomach. In this condition, the inner lining of the esophagus becomes inflamed due to the buildup of eosinophils, a type of white blood cell involved in allergic responses. Over time, this inflammation can …
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Thrombotic microangiopathy (TMA) is a group of conditions where red blood cells (RBCs) are destroyed by blood clots in small blood vessels such as capillaries and arterioles. TMA is also associated with decreased platelets and organ damage. Diseases in this group include: Disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP) Hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS) TMA …
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Megaloblastic anemia is a type of anemia caused by low levels of vitamin B12 or folate in the body. Anemia means that the number of red blood cells (RBCs) or the amount of hemoglobin in the blood is lower than normal. RBCs which carry oxygen in your blood require vitamin B12 and folate to develop …
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Anemia of chronic disease (ACD) is a type of anemia that develops in people with long-standing illnesses that cause inflammation. Anemia means that the blood has fewer red blood cells than normal or that the red blood cells contain less hemoglobin. Red blood cells are the cells in the blood that carry oxygen from the …
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Iron deficiency anemia is a type of anemia caused by low levels of iron in the body. It is the most common cause of anemia among adults. Common causes include blood loss, pregnancy, and a diet low in iron. What does anemia mean? Anemia means a decreased amount of hemoglobin in the blood. Hemoglobin is …
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Hemolytic anemia is a condition in which the body’s immune system attacks and damages red blood cells (RBCs) in the blood. The damaged RBCs are either removed in the spleen or liver or destroyed in the blood. This process is called immune hemolysis, and over time, it leads to low levels of RBCs in the blood. …
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Ring sideroblasts are immature red blood cells (cells that are still developing in the bone marrow) that contain too much iron. Instead of being stored in the normal location, the iron builds up inside the developing red blood cell and forms a ring-shaped pattern around the nucleus, which is the control center of the cell. …
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A karyotype is a laboratory test that looks at a person’s chromosomes. Chromosomes are long, organized structures made of DNA, which carry the genetic instructions that tell your body how to grow and function. In a karyotype test, the chromosomes are stained with a special dye and examined under a microscope. This allows doctors to …
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In transit metastasis is a term used to describe cancer that has spread beyond the original tumour but has not yet reached the lymph nodes or distant organs. Instead, the cancer cells travel through small lymphatic vessels and form new tumours between the primary tumour and the nearest lymph nodes. This type of spread is …
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A tumour deposit is a group of cancer cells that has spread from the original tumour (primary tumour) to another location in the body. These cancer cells can spread locally, meaning they stay close to the primary tumour or travel to distant organs or tissues. When tumour cells spread to distant organs, the deposits are …
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