Ewing sarcoma is a rare and aggressive type of cancer that most often affects bones and, less commonly, the soft tissues. It belongs to a group of tumours called sarcomas, which arise from connective tissues such as bone, muscle, or soft tissue. Ewing sarcoma is made up of very immature-appearing cells and is driven by …
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High grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (HSIL) is a precancerous disease caused by human papillomavirus (HPV). It is composed of abnormal squamous cells that have been infected and transformed by the virus. Squamous cells are found in a thin layer of tissue called the epithelium which covers the inside surface of the anus and anal canal. …
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What is non-keratinizing squamous cell carcinoma of the oropharynx? Non-keratinizing squamous cell carcinoma (NKSCC) is a type of oropharyngeal cancer. The oropharynx is an area of the throat that includes the tonsils, base of the tongue, uvula, and soft palate. This type of cancer quickly spreads to lymph nodes especially those in the neck. For …
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Non-invasive follicular thyroid neoplasm with papillary-like nuclear features (NIFTP) is a noncancerous thyroid tumour that grows slowly and has an excellent outcome after surgery. It develops from follicular cells, the normal cells of the thyroid gland that produce thyroid hormone. Although NIFTP cells can look similar under the microscope to cells seen in papillary thyroid …
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Squamous cell carcinoma is a type of cancer that starts in the anus or anal canal, which is the opening at the end of the digestive tract. This cancer develops from squamous cells, which are flat cells that normally line the surface of the anal canal. Anal squamous cell carcinoma usually grows slowly at first …
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Keratinizing squamous dysplasia of the larynx is a precancerous condition affecting the tissue on the inner surface of the larynx. This condition is considered a precancerous disease because it can, over time, turn into a type of laryngeal cancer called squamous cell carcinoma. Pathologists divide keratinizing squamous dysplasia into three grades – mild, moderate, and …
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Mucinous adenocarcinoma is a type of colon cancer. It is called “mucinous” because at least 50% of the tumour is made up of extracellular mucin. Mucin is a gel-like substance that is normally produced by the cells that line the inside of the colon. When produced in large amounts by cancer cells, mucin can form …
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Collagenous colitis is a non-cancerous condition that causes inflammation and damage to the lining of the colon. It belongs to a group of conditions called microscopic colitis, named because the changes can only be seen when the tissue is examined under a microscope. The other main type of microscopic colitis is lymphocytic colitis, which shares …
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Lymphocytic colitis is a pattern of injury caused by an increased number of immune cells within the mucosa that covers the inside surface of the colon. This leads to inflammation and damage which prevents the colon from functioning normally. What are the symptoms of lymphocytic colitis? People with lymphocytic colitis can develop watery diarrhea that …
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Microscopic colitis is a non-cancerous condition that affects the colon, a part of the large intestine. It occurs when certain immune cells accumulate in the inner lining of the colon, resulting in inflammation and tissue damage. This inflammation interferes with the colon’s ability to absorb water, which can result in persistent watery diarrhea. The condition …
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