Intramucosal adenocarcinoma of the esophagus is an early form of cancer that starts in the gland-forming cells lining the esophagus, the muscular tube that carries food from the mouth to the stomach. The word adenocarcinoma means the cancer arose from glandular cells, the cells that normally make and release mucus. The word intramucosal means the …
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Hyalinizing clear cell carcinoma (HCCC) is a slow-growing type of head and neck cancer. A genetic alteration involving the EWSR1 gene is found in most tumours. This type of cancer is typically found in minor salivary glands in the lip, tongue, buccal mucosa (inner cheeks), gingiva (gums), hard and soft palate (the roof of the …
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Minimally invasive adenocarcinoma (MIA) is an early form of lung cancer that sits on the border between non-invasive and invasive disease. It is called “minimally invasive” because although a small number of cancer cells have begun to grow into the supporting tissue of the lung, the area of invasion is very limited — no more …
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Adenocarcinoma in situ (AIS) is a type of early, non-invasive lung cancer. Non-invasive means the cancer cells have not grown beyond the inner lining of the tiny air sacs — called alveoli — that make up the lung. By definition, a tumor must be no larger than 3 centimeters to be classified as adenocarcinoma in …
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The breast is made up of glands that can produce milk, ducts that carry milk to the nipple, and supporting fatty and fibrous tissue. A wide range of changes can develop in the breast, and most are not cancer. When tissue is removed from the breast, a pathologist examines it under a microscope and describes …
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Columnar cell hyperplasia is a non-cancerous change that can occur in the small structures of the breast called terminal duct lobular units (TDLUs). In this condition, the glands (acini) inside the TDLU become slightly enlarged and are lined by more than two layers of tall, column-shaped cells. This increased layering of cells is what hyperplasia …
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Columnar cell change is a non-cancerous alteration that can occur in the small structures of the breast known as terminal duct lobular units (TDLUs). In this change, the tiny glands (acini) inside the TDLU become slightly enlarged and are lined by cells that are taller than usual, called columnar epithelial cells. In some cases, there …
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A basaloid neoplasm is a tumor made up of cells that look dark blue under the microscope. These cells are called basaloid because they resemble the basal cells normally found at the very bottom of the epithelium, which is the thin layer of tissue that lines many surfaces in the body. The term basaloid neoplasm …
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A spindle cell neoplasm is a tumour made up of spindle-shaped cells, which are cells that are longer than they are wide. Under the microscope, these cells look like elongated ovals or grains of rice. The term spindle cell neoplasm describes how the cells look, not the exact type of tumour. Many different tumours contain …
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CD20 is a protein found on the surface of B cells — a type of white blood cell that helps the body fight infections by producing antibodies (proteins the immune system uses to recognize and attack germs). CD20 appears on B cells as they mature in the bone marrow and remains on the cell’s surface …
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