An atypical mitotic figure is an abnormal pattern of cell division seen when cells split into two new cells. Normally, cells divide evenly through a process called mitosis, ensuring each new cell receives an equal amount of genetic material (DNA). However, sometimes mistakes occur, causing the cells to divide incorrectly and resulting in uneven or …
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Non-necrotizing granulomatous inflammation is a term used by pathologists to describe a specific type of long-lasting or chronic inflammation seen in the body. It occurs when your immune system forms small, round structures called granulomas to isolate and remove something it sees as harmful. Granulomas act like barriers, helping to surround and contain the harmful …
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Necrotizing granulomatous inflammation is a specific pattern of long-standing or chronic inflammation seen under the microscope. It occurs when the immune system attempts to isolate and eliminate a harmful substance, such as an infection, foreign material, or a component of an autoimmune response. The word “necrotizing” refers to the presence of dead tissue in the …
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Vasculitis is a condition involving inflammation of the blood vessels. These include arteries, veins, and small capillaries, which carry blood to and from your organs and tissues. When these vessels become inflamed, they can become damaged and may not function properly, affecting blood flow throughout the body. Vasculitis can range from mild to severe, depending …
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What does H. pylori mean in a pathology report? H. pylori stands for Helicobacter pylori and it is a type of bacteria that infects the stomach. It is a common bacteria that may be found throughout the world. Most people who are infected with Helicobacter will not experience any symptoms. However, in some people, the …
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Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is a type of bacteria that infects the stomach. It is one of the most common bacterial infections worldwide, usually acquired during childhood. H. pylori is unique because it can survive in the stomach’s acidic environment. It produces an enzyme called urease, which neutralizes stomach acid, allowing the bacteria to colonize …
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EBER stands for Epstein-Barr virus-encoded small RNAs. These are small, non-coding RNAs produced by the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), a member of the herpesvirus family. EBERs are among the most abundant viral RNAs present in EBV-infected cells. There are two main types, EBER1 and EBER2. Despite their high abundance in EBV-infected cells, the exact functions of …
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Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is a member of a large group of viruses called herpesviruses. Another name for EBV is human herpesvirus 4 (HHV4). EBV is found all over the world and infection is common. How is Epstein-Barr virus spread? EBV is spread between people through body fluids, typically saliva. What are the symptoms of Epstein-Barr …
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An epidermoid cyst is a non-cancerous growth that develops below the skin’s surface. It is a round, hollow structure lined by the same squamous cells found in a layer of the skin called the epidermis. Epidermoid cysts are sometimes referred to as ‘epidermal cysts’, ‘infundibular cysts’, or ‘epidermal inclusion cysts.’ Where are epidermoid cysts …
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A keloid scar is an overgrowth of scar tissue that develops after a skin injury, such as a cut, burn, surgical incision, or even a piercing or acne. Unlike normal scars, keloids grow beyond the boundaries of the original wound and may continue to enlarge over time. This happens because the body produces excess collagen, …
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