CD10 is a protein found on the surface of certain cells in the body. In pathology, it is used as an immunohistochemical (IHC) marker — a specialized laboratory stain applied to tissue samples that highlights cells containing this protein. Pathologists use CD10 as part of a panel of markers to identify which cell types are …
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MYC is a gene that provides instructions for making the MYC protein, which plays a major role in controlling how cells grow, divide, and use energy. MYC is considered a biomarker. A biomarker is a measurable feature in a tumour, such as a gene change or protein abnormality, that helps doctors understand how a cancer …
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BCL6 is a gene that provides instructions for making the BCL6 protein, which acts as a transcription factor. A transcription factor is a protein that controls which genes inside a cell are turned on or off. BCL6 is considered a biomarker. A biomarker is a measurable feature in a tumour, such as a gene change …
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BCL2 is a gene that encodes a protein that helps keep cells alive. In healthy tissue, this is a carefully controlled process — BCL2 helps specific cells survive longer when needed, but the signal can be switched off when those cells are no longer required. In some cancers, particularly lymphomas and certain blood cancers, the …
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RET is a gene that provides instructions for making a protein involved in cell growth and development. The RET protein acts as a receptor on the surface of specific cells, where it receives signals that help control how cells grow, divide, and survive. RET is considered a biomarker. A biomarker is a measurable feature in …
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Respiratory type mucosa is the specialized tissue found on the inner surface of the airways that carry air in and out of the lungs. This tissue is designed to protect the airways and help keep them clean by trapping dust, germs, and other particles before they reach the lungs. The word mucosa refers to a …
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A complete blood count, often shortened to CBC, is a common blood test that measures the number, size, and health of different types of blood cells. It provides important information about how well your bone marrow is working and how your body carries oxygen, fights infection, and controls bleeding. A CBC is often one of …
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Polycythemia vera (PV) is a type of blood cancer called a myeloproliferative neoplasm. It develops when the bone marrow produces too many red blood cells, and many people also have increased white blood cell and platelet counts. In most cases, polycythemia vera is caused by an acquired genetic change in a gene called JAK2 that sends constant signals telling blood …
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A myeloproliferative neoplasm is a group of blood cancers that start in the bone marrow, the soft tissue inside your bones where new blood cells are made. In these conditions, the bone marrow produces too many mature blood cells. The extra cells may be red blood cells, white blood cells, or platelets, depending on the …
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A somatic mutation is a change in a gene that occurs during a person’s lifetime in a specific group of cells. These mutations are not present at birth and are not passed down from parents. Instead, they develop in cells as they grow and divide. Somatic mutations are common in many types of cancer because …
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