TERT is a gene that provides instructions for making part of an enzyme called telomerase. Telomerase helps maintain structures called telomeres, which protect the ends of chromosomes. TERT is considered a biomarker. A biomarker is a measurable feature in a tumour, such as a gene change, that helps doctors understand how a cancer behaves and …
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Background: Encapsulated angioinvasive follicular variant papillary thyroid carcinoma is a type of thyroid gland cancer. As its name suggests, it has features of both follicular thyroid carcinoma and papillary thyroid carcinoma. In particular, it displays the follicular growth pattern of follicular carcinoma, while the cells have the nuclear features characteristic of papillary carcinoma. “Encapsulated” means …
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Follicular variant papillary thyroid carcinoma is a type of thyroid cancer and a subtype of papillary thyroid carcinoma, the most common thyroid cancer. It develops from follicular cells, which are the thyroid cells responsible for producing thyroid hormone. The tumour is called a “follicular variant” because, under the microscope, the cancer cells exhibit a follicular …
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Background: Oncocytic carcinoma, also known as Hurthle cell carcinoma, is a rare and distinct type of thyroid cancer characterized by the presence of oncocytic cells. These cells are large, with abundant granular eosinophilic cytoplasm due to the high number of mitochondria and a prominent nucleolus. What are the symptoms of oncocytic carcinoma? Symptoms of oncocytic …
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Cribriform morular thyroid carcinoma (CMTC) is a rare type of thyroid gland cancer. The thyroid is a butterfly-shaped gland in the neck that produces hormones important for metabolism. Cribriform morular thyroid carcinoma is unique due to its specific appearance under the microscope and its association with certain genetic conditions. What are the symptoms of cribriform …
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HBME-1, which stands for “Hector Battifora mesothelial-1,” is an antibody that binds to a specific protein called mesothelin. It is primarily used in pathology to help identify specific types of cells, particularly in the diagnosis of certain tumours. The marker is most commonly associated with mesothelial cells (which line the body’s cavities) and some types …
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Encapsulated angioinvasive oncocytic carcinoma is a type of thyroid cancer. The tumour is called “encapsulated” because it is separated from the normal thyroid gland by a thin band of tissue called a tumour capsule. “Angioinvasive” means cancer cells were found inside at least one blood vessel outside the tumour. Another name for this type of …
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Widely invasive oncocytic carcinoma is a type of thyroid cancer. It is called “widely invasive” because groups of cancer cells are found throughout the normal thyroid gland. This type of cancer is made up of large oncocytic cells, also known as Hurthle cells. How is this diagnosis made? The diagnosis of widely invasive oncocytic carcinoma …
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What is minimally invasive oncocytic carcinoma? Minimally invasive oncocytic cell carcinoma is a type of thyroid cancer. The tumour is separated from the normal thyroid gland by a thin band of tissue called a tumour capsule. In a “minimally invasive” tumour, groups of cancer cells have broken through the tumour capsule and spread into the …
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Background: Minimally invasive encapsulated follicular variant papillary thyroid carcinoma (FVPTC) is a type of thyroid gland cancer and a subtype of papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC). As its name suggests, it has features of both follicular and papillary thyroid carcinoma. In particular, it displays the follicular growth pattern of follicular carcinoma, while the cells have the …
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