HBME-1

HBME-1, which stands for “Hector Battifora mesothelial-1,” is an antibody that binds to a specific protein called mesothelin. It is primarily used in pathology to help identify specific types of cells, particularly in the diagnosis of certain tumours. The marker is most commonly associated with mesothelial cells (which line the body’s cavities) and some types of epithelial cells, making it helpful in distinguishing between different types of tumours.

How is it used in pathology?

In pathology, HBME-1 is a diagnostic tool to help pathologists identify specific types of tumours. It is especially useful in evaluating thyroid lesions, where it can help distinguish between benign and malignant tumors. For example, HBME-1 is often positive in malignant thyroid tumors, such as papillary thyroid carcinoma, and can help differentiate these from benign conditions like follicular adenoma. The expression of HBME-1 in a tissue sample can provide valuable information about the nature of the tumor and assist in making an accurate diagnosis.

How do pathologists test for HBME-1?

Pathologists test for HBME-1 using a technique called immunohistochemistry (IHC). In this process, a tissue sample is treated with the HBME-1 antibody. If the cells in the sample express the HBME-1 protein, the antibody will bind to those cells. The bound antibody is then visualized using a special stain that makes the positive cells appear red or brown under a microscope. Pathologists then examine the stained tissue to determine the pattern and intensity of HBME-1 expression, which helps them identify the type of cells present and assess the nature of the lesion.

What types of normal tissues express HBME-1?

In normal tissues, HBME-1 is most commonly expressed in mesothelial cells, which are found lining the body’s cavities, such as the chest and abdomen. It is also expressed in specific epithelial cells, particularly those in the bile ducts of the liver. However, HBME-1 is not typically found in most other types of normal tissues, which makes it a valuable marker for distinguishing certain tumours from normal tissue.

What types of tumours express HBME-1?

HBME-1 is expressed in several types of tumours, most notably in malignant thyroid tumors like papillary thyroid carcinoma and, to a lesser extent, in follicular thyroid carcinoma. It is also expressed in some types of mesothelioma, a cancer that arises from mesothelial cells. The expression of HBME-1 in these tumors helps pathologists distinguish them from other types of tumours that do not express this marker, aiding in accurate diagnosis and treatment planning.