The residual cancer burden (RCB) index measures the amount of cancer remaining in the breast and nearby lymph nodes after neoadjuvant therapy (treatment given before surgery). The index is used for the most common types of breast cancer, including invasive ductal carcinoma, invasive lobular carcinoma, invasive apocrine carcinoma, and invasive breast carcinoma (not otherwise specified). The index combines several pathologic …
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Invasive breast carcinoma (not otherwise specified) is the most common type of breast cancer. It starts in the cells lining the ducts of the breast and invades surrounding breast tissue. This type of cancer is often referred to as invasive ductal carcinoma. It is the most common form of breast cancer. The diagnosis of invasive …
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Encapsulated papillary carcinoma is a non-invasive type of breast cancer. “Non-invasive” means that the cancerous cells are confined to where they started and have not spread to nearby breast tissue. This type of tumour behaves similarly to another non-invasive breast cancer called ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS), which also has a low risk of spreading. …
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Invasive apocrine carcinoma is a type of breast cancer. This type of breast cancer is made up of large pink cells that resemble the cells typically found in apocrine-type sweat glands in the skin. Invasive apocrine carcinoma is a rare type of cancer, representing approximately 1% of all breast cancers. What are the symptoms of …
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Paget’s disease is a non-invasive type of breast cancer that involves the nipple and surrounding skin. It is considered non-invasive because the tumour cells are limited to a layer of the skin called the epidermis. Most tumours are believed to start in channels called ducts that run from the nipple to glands deep in the breast. …
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Background: A borderline phyllodes tumour is a type of breast tumour that shows uncertain behaviour over time. While most borderline phyllodes will behave like a non-cancerous tumour over time, a small number will spread to other parts of the body in a manner more in keeping with a cancerous tumour. What are the symptoms of …
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Invasive mammary carcinoma is a diagnosis used to describe a cancerous tumour in the breast that has not been subclassified into a more specific type of breast cancer. Additional tests often result in the tumour being subclassified as invasive ductal carcinoma or invasive lobular carcinoma. Is invasive mammary carcinoma a type of breast cancer? Yes. …
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Invasive ductal carcinoma with apocrine features is a type of breast cancer. This type of breast cancer is made up of large pink cells that resemble the cells typically found in apocrine-type sweat glands in the skin. Invasive ductal carcinoma with apocrine features is a rare type of cancer, representing approximately 1% of all breast …
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Secretory carcinoma is a rare type of breast cancer characterized by a genetic change involving two genes – ETV6 and NTRK3. A tumour also called secretory carcinoma and sharing the same genetic change can also be found in the salivary glands, thyroid gland and skin. Secretory carcinoma can affect both women and men and can …
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The Nottingham histologic grade (or modified Scarff-Bloom-Richardson grade) is a system pathologists use to evaluate breast cancer under the microscope. It helps determine the aggressiveness of the cancer and provides important information for planning treatment. The grade is based on how different the cancer cells look from normal breast cells and how quickly they are …
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