Comedonecrosis is a term pathologists use to describe a specific type of cell death (necrosis) found in certain cancers. It occurs when cancer cells in the center of a tumour grow rapidly but outgrow their blood supply. Without enough blood, oxygen, and nutrients, these cells die, forming an area of dead cells and debris. This …
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Ductal adenocarcinoma is a rare type of prostate cancer that starts in the glandular cells that line the ducts of the prostate. The prostate gland sits just below the bladder and in front of the rectum. Its normal glands produce and secrete seminal fluid, which mixes with sperm to form semen. Ductal adenocarcinoma tends to …
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A lymphoepithelial cyst is a benign (non-cancerous) growth commonly found in the head and neck but less commonly in other parts of the body. It is called “lymphoepithelial” because it comprises lymphoid tissue and epithelial cells. What are the symptoms of a lymphoepithelial cyst? Most lymphoepithelial cysts do not cause any symptoms and are discovered …
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Background: Intraductal carcinoma of the prostate gland is a noninvasive tumour characterized by the proliferation of malignant cells within the ducts and acini of the prostate gland. Unlike invasive prostate cancer, the tumour cells in intraductal carcinoma are found within the ductal system and do not invade the surrounding prostate tissue. However, this condition is …
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Background: A prostatic stromal tumour of uncertain malignant potential, commonly referred to as STUMP, is a rare type of tumour that arises from the stromal (connective tissue) component of the prostate gland. The term “uncertain malignant potential” is used because it is difficult to predict how the tumour will behave. While most of these tumours …
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Myofibroblastoma is a rare, non-cancerous tumour that develops from the connective tissue of the breast. It is made up of cells called fibroblasts and myofibroblasts, which are normal cells involved in wound healing and tissue repair. Although myofibroblastomas most commonly form in the breast, they can also appear in other parts of the body, including …
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Background: An elastofibroma is a rare, benign (noncancerous) growth that usually develops in the soft tissues near the shoulder blades. It is made up of a mixture of fibrous tissue (similar to scar tissue) and abnormal elastic fibers (the fibers that give skin and other tissues their stretchiness). Elastofibromas are most often found in older …
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Background: Pleomorphic liposarcoma is a rare and aggressive type of cancer that develops from fat cells. Unlike well differentiated liposarcoma, which still resembles normal fat tissue, pleomorphic liposarcoma is made up of very abnormal cells that look nothing like normal fat cells. This type of cancer can grow quickly and has a higher risk of …
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Germinal centers are specialized structures within lymphoid tissues where B cells (a type of white blood cell) mature and differentiate. These centers play an important role in the body’s immune response by helping train B cells to produce antibodies that target specific pathogens. Where are germinal centers normally found? Germinal centers are typically found within …
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Tingible body macrophages are a type of immune cell that help maintain tissue health by removing dead or dying cells. Under a microscope, these macrophages often contain small, dark fragments. These fragments are the remains of cells that have naturally died during an immune response. The word “tingible” refers to these visible pieces of debris. …
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