The prostate is a small gland in men that sits below the bladder and surrounds the upper part of the urethra, the tube that carries urine out of the body. It makes fluid that becomes part of semen. The prostate is most often sampled with a needle biopsy, usually because of a raised PSA blood …
Read More »
The oral cavity is the medical name for the mouth. It includes the lips, gums, tongue, the inside of the cheeks, the floor of the mouth, and the roof of the mouth (the hard palate). When tissue is removed from any of these areas, a pathologist examines it under a microscope and describes what they …
Read More »
Clark’s level is a system used in pathology reports to describe how far a skin cancer, such as invasive squamous cell carcinoma or invasive melanoma, has spread into the skin. It’s an important factor in determining the severity and potential behaviour of the tumour. The system consists of five levels, each indicating how deeply the tumour has penetrated through …
Read More »
Keratoacanthoma is a rapidly growing but benign (noncancerous) type of skin tumour. It typically involves hair-bearing skin on the face, although other body parts can occasionally be involved. What causes keratoacanthoma? Keratoacanthoma is believed to be caused by excessive sun exposure. However, in many cases, the tumour only grows after the skin is involved in …
Read More »
Juvenile type granulosa cell tumor is a rare type of ovarian cancer that develops from granulosa cells — specialized cells in the ovary that normally produce the hormone estrogen and support the development of egg cells. It belongs to a group of ovarian tumors called sex cord-stromal tumors. Unlike most ovarian cancers, which develop in …
Read More »
Non-keratinizing squamous cell carcinoma (NKSCC) is a subtype of squamous cell carcinoma of the lung — a cancer that belongs to the group known as non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). The term “non-keratinizing” means that the cancer cells do not produce visible amounts of a structural protein called keratin. This is what makes it different …
Read More »
In pathology, the term nonkeratinizing describes squamous cells that have not undergone keratinization. Keratinization is a natural process where cells produce and store a tough, protective protein called keratin. When squamous cells do not go through this process, they are called nonkeratinizing. Nonkeratinizing squamous cells are normally found in moist mucosal tissues throughout the body. …
Read More »
Keratinocytes are the most common type of cell found in the outer layer of your skin, called the epidermis. These cells are named for the protein they produce, called keratin. Keratin is a strong, protective protein that helps make your skin, hair, and nails tough and resistant to damage. Keratinocytes form a barrier that protects …
Read More »
Basal cells are a type of cell found at the very bottom (the “base”) of certain tissues, such as the skin and the lining of some internal organs. They are located in a thin layer at the bottom of the epithelium just above the basement membrane. Basal cells act like stem cells because they divide …
Read More »
Dyskeratotic cells are squamous cells that have keratinized too early or in the wrong place. Keratinization is the normal process by which squamous cells make and store a tough protein called keratin, but they are only supposed to do this once they reach the surface. A dyskeratotic cell makes keratin while it is still deep …
Read More »
🔍 Search MyPathologyReport
Type what you see on your report — for example a diagnosis or test name
