Apocrine metaplasia is a benign (non-cancerous) change in which the normal cells in a tissue are replaced by cells that resemble apocrine cells. Apocrine cells are a special type of glandular cell normally found in the skin. The word metaplasia refers to the replacement of one type of mature cell by another. Apocrine metaplasia is …
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Glandular cells are specialized epithelial cells that form the functional units of most internal organs. They are involved in the production and secretion of substances that aid in the normal activity of the organ. These substances may include enzymes, hormones, mucus, or other products that are released into ducts, surfaces, or the bloodstream for various …
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Metastatic adenocarcinoma refers to cancer that has spread from its original (primary) site to other parts of the body. The term adenocarcinoma specifically refers to a type of cancer made up of glandular cells, which are the cells found inside most internal organs. For example, if someone has metastatic adenocarcinoma of the breast, it means …
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Endosalpingiosis is a condition where tissue similar to that normally found in the fallopian tube is found outside of the fallopian tube. This tissue may be found in various pelvic organs and structures, such as the ovaries, peritoneum (lining of the abdominal cavity), and other pelvic tissues. It can also be found in small immune …
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Metastatic carcinoma refers to cancer that has spread from its original (primary) site to other parts of the body. The term carcinoma specifically refers to a type of cancer that begins in the epithelial cells, which line the organs and tissues of the body. For example, if someone has metastatic carcinoma of the breast, it …
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B-lymphoblastic leukemia, also called B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL), is a type of blood cancer that starts in the bone marrow (the soft inner part of bones where blood cells are made). In this disease, the bone marrow produces large numbers of immature white blood cells called lymphoblasts. These lymphoblasts come from a type of …
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A fibrovascular core is a small microscopic structure made up of fibrous tissue (connective tissue) and blood vessels. These cores are found inside finger-like projections called papillae. Papillae are common features in many types of growths, including both benign (noncancerous) and malignant (cancerous) ones. For example, fibrovascular cores can be seen in benign papillomas, as …
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Psammoma bodies are tiny, rounded structures often found within certain types of tumours. Under a microscope, they appear as small, layered (concentric) deposits made up of calcium and proteins, resembling the layers of an onion. The name “psammoma” comes from the Greek word “psammos”, meaning “sand,” because of their sand-like appearance under the microscope, and …
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Hypertrophic candidiasis — also called chronic hyperplastic candidiasis — is a persistent fungal infection of the oral cavity caused by Candida species, most commonly Candida albicans. It produces thickened white patches on the lining of the mouth that cannot be wiped off — unlike simpler forms of oral thrush, where the white coating can be …
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An odontogenic keratocyst (OKC) is a noncancerous, fluid-filled growth that develops within the bones of the jaw. It is called “odontogenic” because it arises from cells left behind during tooth formation (“odonto” means tooth, “genic” means producing). Although OKC is benign, it differs from most simple cysts in two important ways: it tends to grow …
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