Low grade fibromyxoid sarcoma (also known as Evan’s tumour) is a rare type of soft tissue cancer. As its name suggests, low grade fibromyxoid sarcoma is typically considered a low grade sarcoma, meaning it tends to grow and spread more slowly compared to high grade tumours. However, it has a potential for late recurrence and …
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Alveolar soft part sarcoma (ASPS) is a rare soft-tissue cancer that develops in the muscles, fat, or connective tissue of the body. Despite its name, it does not start in the alveoli of the lungs. Instead, the term “alveolar” refers to the way the tumor cells are arranged under the microscope. The cells tend to …
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An odontogenic cyst is a noncancerous, fluid-filled growth that develops within the bones of the jaw — the mandible (lower jaw) and the maxilla (upper jaw). The word “odontogenic” means “tooth-producing”: these cysts arise from cells originally involved in tooth development. Most odontogenic cysts are benign and grow slowly, but they can become large enough …
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Invasive adenocarcinoma of the rectum (also known as rectal adenocarcinoma) is the most common type of rectal cancer. It is made up of cells that normally cover the inside surface of the rectum. This type of cancer often starts in a polyp such as a tubular adenoma, tubulovillous adenoma, or villous adenoma. This article will help …
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Schistocytes are small, fragmented pieces of red blood cells (RBCs) that can be seen circulating in the blood. Normally, red blood cells have a smooth, round shape, but schistocytes appear broken or irregular. These fragmented cells are created when red blood cells pass through damaged or narrowed blood vessels and become damaged themselves. Why are …
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Minimal residual disease (MRD) is a term used to describe the small number of cancer cells that remain in the body after cancer treatment. These cells have the potential to cause relapse in patients. MRD testing can help doctors determine how well the treatment worked, the risk of developing recurrent disease (relapse), and if further …
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The oral cavity is the medical name for the mouth. It includes the lips, gums, tongue, the inside of the cheeks, the floor of the mouth, and the roof of the mouth (the hard palate). When tissue is removed from any of these areas, a pathologist examines it under a microscope and describes what they …
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Clark’s level is a system used in pathology reports to describe how far a skin cancer, such as invasive squamous cell carcinoma or invasive melanoma, has spread into the skin. It’s an important factor in determining the severity and potential behaviour of the tumour. The system consists of five levels, each indicating how deeply the tumour has penetrated through …
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Keratoacanthoma is a rapidly growing but benign (noncancerous) type of skin tumour. It typically involves hair-bearing skin on the face, although other body parts can occasionally be involved. What causes keratoacanthoma? Keratoacanthoma is believed to be caused by excessive sun exposure. However, in many cases, the tumour only grows after the skin is involved in …
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Juvenile type granulosa cell tumor is a rare type of ovarian cancer that develops from granulosa cells — specialized cells in the ovary that normally produce the hormone estrogen and support the development of egg cells. It belongs to a group of ovarian tumors called sex cord-stromal tumors. Unlike most ovarian cancers, which develop in …
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