Psammoma bodies are tiny, rounded structures often found within certain types of tumours. Under a microscope, they appear as small, layered (concentric) deposits made up of calcium and proteins, resembling the layers of an onion. The name “psammoma” comes from the Greek word “psammos”, meaning “sand,” because of their sand-like appearance under the microscope, and …
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Background: Hypertrophic candidiasis, also known as chronic hyperplastic candidiasis, is a persistent fungal infection of the oral cavity caused by Candida species, most commonly Candida albicans. Unlike other forms of oral candidiasis, which often present as white, removable plaques, hypertrophic candidiasis results in thickened, white plaques that cannot be easily scraped off. This condition represents …
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Invasive apocrine carcinoma is a rare type of breast cancer in which the tumor cells closely resemble apocrine cells — the specialized cells that make up apocrine sweat glands in the skin. It accounts for approximately 1% of all breast cancers. Under the microscope, apocrine carcinoma cells are large and have abundant pink cytoplasm, with …
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Epithelioid hemangioendothelioma is a rare type of cancer that starts from cells lining blood vessels. These cells are called endothelial cells. This tumour sits somewhere between a slow-growing cancer and a more aggressive vascular cancer, meaning its behaviour can vary widely from person to person. Epithelioid hemangioendothelioma most commonly affects the liver, but it can …
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A vascular lesion is a growth predominantly composed of endothelial cells forming abnormal blood vessels. The term vascular lesion can be applied to a wide range of conditions, including benign (noncancerous) tumours, intermediate (locally aggressive) tumours, malignant (cancerous) tumours, congenital/development abnormalities, and reactive conditions. Vascular lesions can occur in any part of the body, although …
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An intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm (IPMN) is a type of non-invasive pancreatic tumor. It starts from the cells that line the ducts, which are small channels that carry digestive fluids from the pancreas into the intestines. These cells produce a thick, sticky substance called mucin. IPMNs are considered precancerous because, over time, they can develop …
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Basal cell adenocarcinoma is a rare type of cancer that starts in the salivary glands, which are responsible for producing saliva in the mouth and throat. It is called “basal cell” because the tumour is made up of cells that resemble the basal cells normally found in salivary gland tissue. Basal cell adenocarcinoma is usually …
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This article is designed to help you understand your pathology report for T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Each section explains an important aspect of the diagnosis and what it means for you. What is T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia? T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) is a type of cancer caused by immature T cells, a kind of …
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In pathology, the term tumour bed describes an area of the body where a tumour was located before it was removed by surgery or treated with chemotherapy, radiation therapy, or hormone therapy. It is important to examine the tumour bed because it can show how much of the tumour was killed by the treatment and …
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What is focal nodular hyperplasia of the liver? Focal nodular hyperplasia (FNH) is a noncancerous type of growth in the liver. It is much more common in young women and it rarely occurs in men or children. What causes focal nodular hyperplasia of the liver? At the present time, we do not completely understand what …
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