Lichenoid mucositis is a pattern of inflammation in the lining of the mouth when immune cells attack oral mucosal cells. It is not cancer. It is not a precancerous condition on its own. In most cases, it represents an ongoing immune reaction — either to an autoimmune disease, a medication, or a contact substance — …
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Medullary carcinoma is a rare subtype of colorectal cancer. Like other types of colon and rectal cancer, it starts from the cells lining the inner surface of the bowel. However, medullary carcinoma has a very distinctive appearance under the microscope. Instead of forming the gland-like structures typical of most colorectal cancers, the tumor cells grow …
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In pathology, the phrase degenerative changes describes tissue that has started to physically break down, losing its normal structure and appearance when viewed under a microscope. These changes can affect how well a tissue or organ functions. Although degenerative changes themselves are not cancerous, they may sometimes be seen in tumours, particularly if the tumour …
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HBME-1, which stands for “Hector Battifora mesothelial-1,” is an antibody that binds to a specific protein called mesothelin. It is primarily used in pathology to help identify specific types of cells, particularly in the diagnosis of certain tumours. The marker is most commonly associated with mesothelial cells (which line the body’s cavities) and some types …
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HMB-45 (Human Melanoma Black-45) is an antibody used by pathologists to detect a protein called gp100. This protein is normally found in melanocytes—cells that produce melanin, the pigment responsible for skin, hair, and eye color. Melanocytes are mostly located in the skin but can also appear in mucosal areas (like the mouth) and eyes. Because …
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A dentigerous cyst is a noncancerous, fluid-filled sac that forms around the crown of a tooth that has not yet come through the gum. Because it develops from tissue surrounding a forming tooth, it is sometimes also called a follicular cyst. Dentigerous cysts are the second most common type of odontogenic cyst (a cyst arising …
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Adenocarcinoma in situ (AIS) of the cervix is a precancerous condition in which abnormal glandular cells grow in the surface lining of the cervix. These cells look like the cells seen in adenocarcinoma, a type of cervical cancer, but in AIS, the abnormal cells have not grown into the deeper layers of the cervical wall. …
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High grade dysplasia of the larynx is a precancerous change in the lining of the voice box. Dysplasia means the squamous cells lining the larynx look abnormal under the microscope and are not maturing normally. “High grade” means those changes are marked and involve much of the thickness of the lining. High grade dysplasia is …
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Squamous cell carcinoma in situ of the larynx is a very early, non-invasive form of cancer in the lining of the voice box. The lining is made of squamous cells, flat cells that sit in a thin surface layer called the epithelium. In carcinoma in situ, these cells look severely abnormal throughout the full thickness …
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Spindle cell squamous cell carcinoma is a rare type of squamous cell carcinoma of the larynx (voice box). You may also see it called sarcomatoid squamous cell carcinoma. It is named for the shape of its cells: instead of the rounded cells seen in ordinary squamous cell carcinoma, the cancer cells are long and thin, …
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