High grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (HGPIN) is a condition in which the cells that line the ducts and glands of the prostate gland show abnormal changes. These changes are not cancerous, but they are considered precancerous, meaning they may develop into prostate cancer over time. HGPIN is often detected in prostate biopsies, which are usually …
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Angiomyolipoma is a benign (non-cancerous) tumour, most often found in the kidney. It is composed of fat cells, smooth muscle cells, and abnormally shaped blood vessels. These three components give the tumour its name: angio (blood vessels), myo (muscle), and lipo (fat). This article explains the pathology report for angiomyolipoma, including how it is diagnosed, …
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In pathology, extraparenchymal extension (EPE) refers to the invasion (spread) of a tumor beyond the main tissue mass (the parenchyma) of an organ into surrounding tissues. This term is often used in the context of malignant (cancerous) tumours to describe tumor growth extending beyond the organ’s boundary and into adjacent structures or tissues. Why is …
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What does parenchyma mean? In pathology, the term parenchyma refers to the tissue normally found within an organ. Specifically, it is made up of cells that carry out the specific function of the organ. As a result, the types of cells found in the parenchyma will depend on the organ being examined. For example, the …
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What is a mitotically active leiomyoma of the uterus? A mitotically active leiomyoma is a non-cancerous tumour that starts in the wall of the uterus. The tumour is made up of specialized smooth muscle cells that are normally found in a part of the uterus called the myometrium. What does “mitotically active” mean? Mitotically active …
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A cellular leiomyoma is a noncancerous tumour that develops in the muscular wall of the uterus, called the myometrium. Leiomyomas are composed of smooth muscle cells, which are the same type of cells that normally comprise the myometrium. The tumour is called cellular because it contains more muscle cells than the surrounding normal tissue. Cellular …
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Fat necrosis is a condition that happens when fat tissue in the body is damaged and the fat cells (adipose cells) die. The body responds by breaking down the dead cells and often replacing them with scar tissue. This process can result in firm, rounded, or irregular lumps in the affected area. These lumps may …
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Fibrinoid necrosis is a specific type of tissue damage characterized by the buildup of fibrin-like material in tissues, especially within blood vessel walls. It usually occurs when blood vessels become severely injured due to immune reactions or high blood pressure. The name “fibrinoid” comes from its similarity to fibrin, a protein normally involved in blood …
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What is MDM2? MDM2 is a gene that promotes cell division (the creation of new cells). Normal cells and those in non-cancerous tumours have two copies of the MDM2 gene. In contrast, cancerous tumours such as atypical lipomatous tumour/well differentiated liposarcoma have more than two copies of the MDM2 gene. How do pathologists test for …
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Glioblastoma, IDH-wildtype, is an aggressive type of brain tumor that develops from glial cells, the supporting cells of the central nervous system. It belongs to a larger group of tumors called diffuse gliomas. Diffuse gliomas are infiltrative, which means the tumor cells spread into the normal brain tissue around them and cannot be fully separated …
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