Undifferentiated carcinoma of the ovary is a rare and aggressive type of ovarian cancer. It is called “undifferentiated” because the tumor cells have lost nearly all of the features that normally help identify what type of cell they came from. Under the microscope, they look so abnormal and featureless that the pathologist cannot classify them …
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Dedifferentiated carcinoma of the endometrium is an aggressive type of cancer that starts in the endometrium, the inner lining of the uterus. It is called “dedifferentiated” because the tumour comprises two components: an undifferentiated carcinoma component and a second differentiated component. The differentiated component is most often a low-grade form of endometrial endometrioid carcinoma (FIGO …
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Undifferentiated carcinoma of the endometrium is an aggressive type of cancer that starts in the endometrium, the inner lining of the uterus. It is called “undifferentiated” because the tumour cells do not show clear features indicating which type of normal cell they came from. In other words, when the tumour is examined under the microscope, …
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Squamous cell carcinoma of the lip is a type of cancer that begins in squamous cells, the flat cells that form the surface layer of the lip. These cells normally create a protective barrier on the outside of the lip. When squamous cells grow uncontrolled and invade deeper tissues, the condition is called squamous cell …
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Mucosal melanoma of the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses is a rare and aggressive cancer that arises from melanocytes, the cells that produce pigment (melanin), lining the nose and sinuses. The nasal cavity is the space behind the nose through which air passes into the lungs. The paranasal sinuses are air-filled spaces in the bones …
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Mucosal melanoma of the oral cavity is a rare and aggressive cancer that arises from melanocytes, the cells that produce pigment (melanin). Melanocytes are normally present in small numbers within the surface lining of the mouth, called the epithelium. When these cells grow uncontrollably and form a malignant tumor, the condition is called mucosal melanoma. …
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SDH-deficient gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST) is a rare and distinct subtype of gastrointestinal stromal tumor that almost always develops in the stomach. Like other GISTs, it arises from specialized cells in the wall of the digestive tract that help regulate gut movement. What sets this tumor apart is that it is caused by a problem …
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The Banff score is a standardized system used to describe findings in a kidney transplant biopsy. It is part of the Banff Classification, an international consensus system that enables transplant teams worldwide to interpret biopsy results in a consistent and meaningful way. The Banff score is not a single number. Instead, it is made up …
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Epithelioid angiomyolipoma is a rare type of kidney tumour and a variant of angiomyolipoma. Unlike classic angiomyolipoma, which contains a mixture of fat, muscle, and blood vessels, epithelioid angiomyolipoma is made up mostly of epithelioid cells (at least 80%). Because of these cells, this tumour can sometimes behave more aggressively than classic angiomyolipoma. This article …
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SDHB stands for succinate dehydrogenase subunit B, which is a protein made by cells to help produce energy. It is part of a larger group of proteins called the succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) complex, which works inside cells to convert nutrients into usable energy. SDHB itself is not a disease. Instead, it is a normal protein …
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