An inflammatory polyp is a non-cancerous growth on the inner lining of the colon or rectum. It forms in response to injury or inflammation. It is not cancer, it is not precancerous, and finding one does not mean cancer is present. These polyps develop when the colon lining is damaged repeatedly, and the tissue grows …
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In pathology, the word intracytoplasmic refers to anything found inside the cytoplasm of a cell. The cytoplasm is the jelly-like material inside each cell that surrounds the nucleus. It contains many small structures called organelles, which help the cell function, store energy, and remove waste. When pathologists examine cells under a microscope, they often describe …
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Eosinophils are a type of white blood cell (WBC) and a part of the body’s innate immune system. They help protect the body against allergens and infections. When examined under the microscope, eosinophils are small cells with bright pink cytoplasm. The cytoplasm of the cell is filled with small round granules and the nucleus has …
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Neutrophils are a type of white blood cell and an important part of the body’s innate immune system, which is the body’s first line of defense against infection and injury. They are the most common type of white blood cell, making up between 50% and 80% of all white blood cells in the bloodstream. Neutrophils …
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The nucleus (plural: nuclei) is a small, specialized structure found inside almost all cells in your body. It holds most of your genetic material, known as DNA, which acts like a set of instructions controlling how cells function and behave. Within the nucleus, the DNA is organized with proteins into a material called chromatin. Areas …
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The cytoplasm is the material that fills the inside of a cell, surrounding the nucleus and extending to the cell membrane. It is mostly water and contains proteins, nutrients, and tiny specialized structures called organelles — including mitochondria, which generate energy, and lysosomes, which break down waste. The cytoplasm gives a cell much of its …
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Red blood cells (RBCs) are the most common type of blood cell in the human body. They are sometimes called erythrocytes. Under the microscope, red blood cells look like small, round, disc-shaped cells with a pale center. Their main job is to carry oxygen from the lungs to the rest of the body and to …
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Adenomyosis is a noncancerous condition that happens when tissue that normally lines the inside of the uterus (called the endometrium) grows into the muscle wall of the uterus (called the myometrium). This misplaced tissue can make the uterus larger and cause symptoms such as heavy menstrual bleeding, painful periods, and pelvic discomfort. Adenomyosis is most …
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In pathology, endophytic describes a growth that extends downward from the surface of a tissue into the organ or tissue below, rather than outward. Pathologists sometimes use the word inverted to mean the same thing. The opposite of endophytic is exophytic, which describes a growth that projects outward from the surface. Endophytic describes the shape …
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Thyroglobulin is a protein made by the thyroid gland, a small butterfly-shaped gland located in the front of the neck. It plays an important role in producing thyroid hormones, which help regulate metabolism, energy levels, and body temperature. What does thyroglobulin do? Thyroglobulin acts as a building block for thyroid hormones. Thyroglobulin stores and helps …
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