TTF-1 (stands for thyroid transcription factor -1) is a transcription factor that plays an important role in the development and differentiation of the thyroid gland, thymus, lung, and brain. It is a nuclear protein which means it is normally found in a part of the cell called the nucleus. TTF-1 is normally expressed in the …
Read More »
What is a spermatocele? A spermatocele is a non-cancerous fluid-filled space that develops in a part of the testicle called the epididymis. While most small spermatoceles will resolve on their own over time, large spermatoceles can cause pain and may need to be surgically removed. What causes a spermatocele? For most patients, a cause is …
Read More »
What is a yolk sac tumour? Yolk sac tumour is a type of cancer. In males, the tumour often starts in the testicle where it is part of a group of cancers known as germ-cell tumours. Yolk sac tumour is the most common type of testicular tumour in young children and it typically responds well …
Read More »
What is embryonal carcinoma of the male testis? Embryonal carcinoma is a type of testicular cancer and part of a group of cancers known as germ-cell tumours. Embryonal carcinoma is an aggressive type of germ-cell tumour that frequently spreads to other parts of the body. The name ‘embryonal carcinoma’ reflects the appearance of the tumour …
Read More »
High grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (HSIL) is a precancerous condition caused by infection with human papillomavirus (HPV). It involves abnormal changes in squamous cells, which are flat cells found on the surface of tissues such as the cervix, vagina, vulva, penis, and anal canal. HSIL is primarily caused by high-risk HPV types, especially types 16 …
Read More »
Low grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (LSIL) is an abnormal growth caused by infection with human papillomavirus (HPV). The abnormal growth seen in LSIL is an example of dysplasia. It commonly involves the cervix, vagina, vulva, penis, or anal canal. This condition may affect both women and men. The virus infects squamous cells found on the …
Read More »
The small bowel mucosa is a thin, specialized lining that covers the inside of your small intestine, also called the small bowel. The small intestine is a vital part of your digestive system, connecting your stomach to your colon, or large intestine. It is divided into three main sections: Duodenum: This is the first part …
Read More »
The colonic mucosa is the inner lining of the colon, a long, tube-shaped organ that forms part of the digestive tract. The colon starts at the end of the small intestine (ileum) and extends to the anal canal. The mucosa helps absorb water and nutrients and also protects the colon by producing mucus. What are …
Read More »
A leiomyoma is a noncancerous tumor made of smooth muscle cells. Smooth muscle works without conscious control and is found in blood vessels, hair follicles, the digestive tract, and the uterus. Leiomyomas grow slowly and do not spread to other parts of the body. They differ from leiomyosarcoma, a cancer made of smooth muscle cells. …
Read More »
Periodic acid Schiff plus diastase or PAS-D is a special stain with various uses by pathologists. It is typically used in combination with the routine hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) stained slide. Common uses for PAS-D include: Intracellular mucin: PAS-D can help a pathologist differentiate between glycogen and mucin. When a PAS-D-stained slide is examined under …
Read More »
🔍 Search MyPathologyReport
Type what you see on your report — for example a diagnosis or test name
