Microscopic colitis is a non-cancerous condition that affects the colon, a part of the large intestine. It occurs when certain immune cells accumulate in the inner lining of the colon, resulting in inflammation and tissue damage. This inflammation interferes with the colon’s ability to absorb water, which can result in persistent watery diarrhea. The condition …
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What is an enlarged and hypercellular parathyroid gland? The term enlarged and hypercellular parathyroid gland describes a non-cancerous growth in one or more of the parathyroid glands. Unlike the normal parathyroid glands, an enlarged and hypercellular parathyroid gland may be large enough to be felt or seen in the front of the neck. What are …
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A parathyroid adenoma is a benign (non-cancerous) tumour of the parathyroid gland. It is made up of cells typically found in the parathyroid gland. In contrast to normal parathyroid glands, an adenoma can grow large enough to become noticeable or palpable at the front of the neck. This type of growth is more common in …
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An addendum is an additional note or update that is added to a pathology report after the original report has been issued. It allows the pathologist to provide new information or to clarify the findings already described. The addendum becomes a permanent part of your pathology report and should always be read together with the …
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What is Kaposi sarcoma? Kaposi Sarcoma (KS) is a type of cancer made up of abnormal blood vessels. It is part of a group of cancers called sarcomas. Most of these tumours start in the skin and it is not uncommon for a person to have more than one tumour. Kaposi sarcoma can also develop inside …
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A mitotic figure is a cell that is actively dividing to create two new cells. Cells divide through a process called mitosis, creating two new cells from one original cell. Before dividing, a cell copies its genetic material (DNA), ensuring that each new cell receives identical instructions. Pathologists recognize mitotic figures by their unique appearance, …
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What is a pyogenic granuloma? A pyogenic granuloma is a common non-cancerous type of tumour made up of blood vessels and inflammatory cells. The tumour is usually round, and the surface may appear bright red. Pyogenic granuloma often appear suddenly and the tumour may grow very quickly at first only to decrease in size gradually …
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What is a lobular capillary hemangioma? A lobular capillary hemangioma is a common non-cancerous type of tumour made up of blood vessels and inflammatory cells. The tumour is usually round, and the surface may appear bright red. Lobular capillary hemangioma often appear suddenly and the tumour may grow very quickly at first only to decrease …
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Neuroendocrine cells are specialized cells found throughout the body that share features of both nerve cells (neurons) and hormone-producing cells (endocrine cells). These cells help regulate important body functions by releasing hormones in response to signals from the nervous system. Neuroendocrine cells are found in many different organs, including the lungs, gastrointestinal tract, pancreas, and …
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The TNM staging system is an internationally recognized way to describe how far cancer has developed and spread. It was created by the American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC). This system uses detailed information about three key factors: Tumour (T): The size of the primary tumour and how far it has grown into surrounding tissue. …
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