Adenomyosis is a noncancerous condition that happens when tissue that normally lines the inside of the uterus (called the endometrium) grows into the muscle wall of the uterus (called the myometrium). This misplaced tissue can make the uterus larger and cause symptoms such as heavy menstrual bleeding, painful periods, and pelvic discomfort. Adenomyosis is most …
Read More »
In pathology, endophytic describes a growth that extends downward from the surface of a tissue into the organ or tissue below, rather than outward. Pathologists sometimes use the word inverted to mean the same thing. The opposite of endophytic is exophytic, which describes a growth that projects outward from the surface. Endophytic describes the shape …
Read More »
Thyroglobulin is a protein made by the thyroid gland, a small butterfly-shaped gland located in the front of the neck. It plays an important role in producing thyroid hormones, which help regulate metabolism, energy levels, and body temperature. What does thyroglobulin do? Thyroglobulin acts as a building block for thyroid hormones. Thyroglobulin stores and helps …
Read More »
PAX8 is a protein that helps control the activity of genes in certain types of cells. It acts as a transcription factor, meaning it turns genes on or off to guide how cells grow, develop, and function. PAX8 is especially important during early development and is involved in forming organs such as the thyroid gland, …
Read More »
Cytokeratin 5 (CK5) is a protein made by epithelial cells in the skin, breast, salivary glands, urinary tract, and upper aerodigestive tract. Within these organs, CK5 is commonly seen in specialized squamous cells, basal cells, and myoepithelial cells. This type of protein is also made by some benign (noncancerous) and malignant (cancerous) tumours that start …
Read More »
What is a fundic gland polyp? A fundic gland polyp is a non-cancerous growth that develops from the cells lining the inside of the stomach. It is the most common type of polyp in the stomach. Where in the stomach do fundic gland polyps start? The stomach is divided into four parts: cardia, fundus, body, …
Read More »
A squamous papilloma is a common benign (non-cancerous) growth made up of squamous cells, the flat cells that line many surfaces of the body. The cells grow outward in small finger-like projections, which gives the growth its characteristic bumpy or wart-like shape. The medical word for this shape is papillary. Squamous papillomas can develop anywhere …
Read More »
What is chronic cholecystitis? Chronic cholecystitis is prolonged, or long-standing, inflammation of the gallbladder. It is a very common condition that is more frequently seen in young and middle-aged women. What causes chronic cholecystitis? Chronic cholecystitis is typically caused by gallstones that get stuck in the cystic duct, which is a tube that connects the …
Read More »
This article is designed to help you understand your pathology report for erosive gastritis of the stomach. Each section explains an important aspect of the diagnosis and what it means for you. What is erosive gastritis? Erosive gastritis is a condition where the protective lining inside the stomach becomes damaged or worn away. This damage …
Read More »
Cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) is a precancerous condition of the cervix caused by infection with human papillomavirus (HPV). It is composed of squamous cells infected and altered by the virus. These abnormal cells are found in the transformation zone — the part of the cervix where glandular cells are gradually replaced by squamous cells. CIN …
Read More »
