pathology

Hibernoma

What is a hibernoma? A hibernoma is a non-cancerous tumour made up of brown fat. Brown fat is a type of fat that is normally found in newborns and young children but it disappears over time and most adults have very little brown fat. Is hibernoma a type of cancer? No. A hibernoma is a …
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Lymphoepithelial carcinoma

Lymphoepithelial carcinoma is a rare type of cancer that typically develops in the head and neck area, most often in the salivary glands. It is characterized by a mix of cancerous cells and a large number of immune cells called lymphocytes. This type of cancer is considered aggressive but can often be treated successfully if …
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Antral type mucosa

Antral type mucosa is the thin layer of tissue that lines the inside of the antrum, cardia, and pylorus of the stomach. The tissue is made up of different types of cells that produce and secrete various substances, including mucus and hormones, which aid in digestion. What does antral type mucosa with chronic gastritis mean? …
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Fibrinopurulent exudate

Fibrinopurulent exudate is a type of fluid that accumulates at a site of tissue damage or inflammation, which contains a combination of fibrin, inflammatory cells such as neutrophils, and cellular debris. Fibrin is a protein that plays a role in blood clotting, and it can form a mesh-like network that helps to hold the exudate …
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Squamous epithelium

Squamous epithelium is a thin layer of tissue made up of flat cells called squamous cells. These cells form a protective barrier on the surface of various organs and tissues throughout the body, helping to protect the underlying tissues from injury, infection, and irritation. Where is squamous epithelium found in the body? Squamous epithelium is …
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Squamous mucosa

Squamous mucosa is a thin, protective lining made up of specialized cells called squamous cells. This lining covers the inner surfaces of several areas of your body, including your mouth, esophagus, vagina, cervix, and anal canal. It also lines parts of your respiratory system, such as your nasal cavity, throat (pharynx), voice box (larynx), windpipe …
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Natural killer cells (NK cells)

Natural killer cells, often called NK cells, are a type of lymphocyte, which is a white blood cell that plays an important role in the body’s immune system. They are part of the innate immune system, meaning they can respond quickly to threats without needing prior exposure to the specific invader. NK cells are called …
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Chronic cholecystitis with cholelithiasis

What is chronic cholecystitis? Chronic cholecystitis is prolonged, or long-standing, inflammation of the gallbladder. It is a very common condition that is more frequently seen in young and middle-aged women. What does cholelithiasis mean? Pathologists use the term cholelithiasis to describe gallstones which are hard, stone-shaped collections of biological material that build up in the …
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Borderline Brenner tumour

A borderline Brenner tumour of the ovary is an uncommon type of ovarian tumour that is more complex than a benign Brenner tumour but does not exhibit the aggressive behaviour of a malignant tumour. It contains cells that are more active and atypical than those in benign Brenner tumours but do not invade surrounding tissues …
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Clear cell chondrosarcoma

What is clear cell chondrosarcoma? Clear cell chondrosarcoma is a slow-growing type of cancer made up of cartilage. This type of cancer is typically found in the femur (long bone of the leg) or the humerus (long bone of the arm) where it affects the epiphysis (end of the bone). What is cartilage? Cartilage is …
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