Paget’s disease is a non-invasive type of breast cancer that involves the nipple and surrounding skin. It is considered non-invasive because the tumour cells are limited to a layer of the skin called the epidermis. Most tumours are believed to start in channels called ducts that run from the nipple to glands deep in the breast. …
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Polymorphous adenocarcinoma (previously known as polymorphous low-grade adenocarcinoma) is a type of cancer that arises in the salivary glands. It typically occurs in the minor salivary glands found throughout the mouth and throat. This tumour is most commonly seen in the palate, but it can also occur in other areas such as the lip, buccal mucosa …
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Epithelial-myoepithelial carcinoma (EMC) is a type of salivary gland cancer. The tumour is described as a biphasic salivary gland neoplasm because it comprises two populations of cells: ductal (luminal) and myoepithelial (abluminal) cells. The most common location for epithelial-myoepithelial carcinoma is the parotid gland. However, the tumour can be found in any salivary glands, including …
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A urothelial papilloma is a benign (non-cancerous) tumour that develops from cells lining the inside surface of the urinary tract. While it usually forms in the bladder, it can appear anywhere along the urinary tract. After removal, some papillomas may regrow, but importantly, they do not become cancerous over time. Understanding the urinary tract The …
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Background: Epithelioid sarcoma is a type of soft tissue cancer. It is called epithelioid because the tumour cells look and behave like epithelial cells that are normally found on the outside or inside surface of any organ. Although epithelioid sarcoma can occur almost anywhere in the body, the most common location is the hand. What …
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Myoepithelial carcinoma is a rare cancer that starts in the salivary glands. It develops from myoepithelial cells, which are specialized cells normally found in the salivary gland. This tumour can arise on its own or from a pre-existing noncancerous tumour called pleomorphic adenoma. Myoepithelial carcinoma is typically a slow-growing type of cancer, but it can …
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Carcinoma ex pleomorphic adenoma is a type of salivary gland cancer that develops from within a previously benign (noncancerous) tumour called pleomorphic adenoma. In pathology, carcinoma is a general term used to describe a group of malignant (cancerous) tumours made up of epithelial cells, while “ex” means “out of” or “from”. Put together, carcinoma ex …
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A borderline phyllodes tumor is an uncommon breast tumor that arises from the stroma (supportive connective tissue) within the breast. It has characteristics that fall between benign (non-cancerous) and malignant (cancerous) phyllodes tumors. Borderline phyllodes tumors grow faster and have a greater likelihood of recurrence than benign tumors, but they typically do not spread to …
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Myoepithelial cells are specialized cells that have features of both muscle cells and epithelial cells. Their primary role is to help push secretions out of glands. They do this by gently contracting, similar to muscle cells, while also forming part of the gland structure, like epithelial cells. These cells are essential to many normal glands …
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What is a fibrothecoma? A fibrothecoma is an uncommon and noncancerous type of ovarian tumour made up of thecal cells and fibroblastic spindle cells. It shares features with two other types of noncancerous ovarian tumours, thecomas and fibromas. Is a fibrothecoma benign or malignant? Fibrothecoma is a benign (noncancerous) type of ovarian tumour. What is …
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