CD5 is a protein normally found on the surface of specific immune cells, particularly certain types of lymphocytes (a kind of white blood cell). CD5 helps these immune cells communicate and interact within the immune system, especially in regulating immune responses and preventing autoimmune reactions. Why do pathologists test for CD5? Pathologists test for CD5 …
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CD3 is a protein that is normally made by two types of specialized immune cells, T cells and NK cells. Most lymphomas that start from T and NK cells, including peripheral T cell lymphoma, anaplastic large cell lymphoma, and extranodal NK/T cell lymphoma, also make CD3. Two common tests used to look for CD3 in …
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Alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma is an aggressive type of cancer that develops from immature skeletal muscle cells. It is classified as a sarcoma — a cancer arising from the body’s connective tissues. Although skeletal muscle is found throughout the body, this tumor can arise in locations with little or no actual muscle tissue. Alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma is most …
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Embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma is a malignant (cancerous) tumor that arises from immature skeletal muscle cells. It is classified as a sarcoma and is the most common type of rhabdomyosarcoma, accounting for about 60–70% of all cases. This cancer predominantly affects children, typically those under the age of 10, and most commonly arises in the head and …
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Well differentiated neuroendocrine tumour (NET) of the stomach is a rare type of cancer that starts from neuroendocrine cells in the lining of the stomach. Neuroendocrine cells are specialized cells that receive signals from the nervous system and release hormones into the bloodstream. NETs grow more slowly than other types of stomach cancer and often …
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A fibroma of the oral cavity is a common benign (non-cancerous) growth in the lining of the mouth. It is made of fibrous connective tissue, the same firm, supportive tissue found throughout the body. Rather than a true tumor, a fibroma is the mouth’s response to repeated irritation or injury: when the lining is injured …
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Anaplastic thyroid carcinoma is a rare and highly aggressive type of thyroid cancer. It starts from follicular cells, the cells that normally make thyroid hormone, but over time, these cells change so much that they no longer look or behave like thyroid cells. For this reason, anaplastic thyroid carcinoma is sometimes called undifferentiated thyroid carcinoma. …
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Apocrine cells are a type of glandular cell found in specific areas of the body, particularly in the skin. Under the microscope, apocrine cells are large and round with a visible central nucleolus (a small structure inside the nucleus). Their cytoplasm, the material surrounding the nucleus, often looks bright pink on a hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) …
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The term oncocytic is used by pathologists to describe cells that appear bright pink under the microscope when stained with a routine stain called hematoxylin and eosin (H&E). These cells look pink because their cytoplasm (the body of the cell) is packed with mitochondria, which are small structures that produce energy for the cell. The …
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A vocal cord nodule is a benign (non-cancerous) growth on a vocal cord, inside the larynx or voice box. It forms in response to repeated injury to the delicate lining of the vocal cord, usually from heavy or strained use of the voice. Rather than a true tumor, a nodule is the vocal cord’s version …
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