EBER stands for Epstein-Barr virus-encoded small RNAs. These are small, non-coding RNAs produced by the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), a member of the herpesvirus family. EBERs are among the most abundant viral RNAs present in EBV-infected cells. There are two main types, EBER1 and EBER2. Despite their high abundance in EBV-infected cells, the exact functions of …
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Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is a member of a large group of viruses called herpesviruses. Another name for EBV is human herpesvirus 4 (HHV4). EBV is found all over the world and infection is common. How is Epstein-Barr virus spread? EBV is spread between people through body fluids, typically saliva. What are the symptoms of Epstein-Barr …
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An epidermoid cyst is a non-cancerous growth that develops below the skin’s surface. It is a round, hollow structure lined by the same squamous cells found in a layer of the skin called the epidermis. Epidermoid cysts are sometimes referred to as ‘epidermal cysts’, ‘infundibular cysts’, or ‘epidermal inclusion cysts.’ Where are epidermoid cysts …
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A keloid scar is an overgrowth of scar tissue that develops after a skin injury, such as a cut, burn, surgical incision, or even a piercing or acne. Unlike normal scars, keloids grow beyond the boundaries of the original wound and may continue to enlarge over time. This happens because the body produces excess collagen, …
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Warthin tumour is a noncancerous tumour that most often develops in the parotid gland, the largest salivary gland located near the jaw and in front of the ear. It is the second most common type of salivary gland tumour, after pleomorphic adenoma. Warthin tumour is sometimes referred to by older terms, such as papillary cystadenoma lymphomatosum …
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Spongiotic dermatitis is a term pathologists use to describe a pattern of injury in the skin caused by inflammation. It is called a “pattern of injury” because the changes seen are not specific to a single medical condition. The spongiotic dermatitis pattern of injury is most commonly seen in eczema. Types of eczema Doctors often …
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Cutaneous lupus erythematosus (CLE) is the term doctors use when a disease called lupus erythematosus affects the skin. About two-thirds of patients with lupus will develop CLE. Many patients with CLE also have other organs, such as the heart, lungs, kidneys, muscles, and joints, affected by lupus. Lupus erythematosus Lupus erythematosus is an autoimmune disease …
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Antibodies also known as immunoglobulins are a special type of protein made by plasma cells. These special proteins protect our bodies by sticking to bacteria and viruses, which makes them easier to remove from the body. They can also stick to abnormal cells or cells that have stopped functioning normally. A plasma cell neoplasm is …
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Extranodal extension (ENE) is a term pathologists use when cancer cells spread outside a lymph node into the surrounding tissue. Lymph nodes are small immune organs that help filter harmful substances and are often one of the first places cancer spreads. Normally, cancer cells that travel to a lymph node stay inside the lymph node’s …
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A benign follicular nodule is a non-cancerous lump that forms in the thyroid gland. The thyroid is a small, butterfly-shaped gland located in the front of the neck. It produces hormones that help regulate your metabolism, energy levels, and many important body functions. The word “benign” means that the nodule is not cancerous and does …
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